stressed unstressed syllables checker

Loudness: The stressed syllable of a word is determined by the loudness of the word. Quiz. Interested in readability? The interesting thing is that if you put multiple words together, we may start hearing some of those "secondary" stresses more clearly: Those two words sound really great together, because we hear it as alternating stressed and unstressed all the way through. Specifically, the written form divides syllables according to established syllable types, based on spelling patterns such as double consonants, short vowels contained within two consonants, and vowel digraphs. /prrm/ The primary stress appears on the first syllable, the secondary stress on the second syllable and the third, and final, syllable is unstressed. Pretty sure he will have a good read. One of these syllables is more emphasized than the other, can you identify it? Im here to help. The stressed syllables are the ones which are emphasized, or spoken more loudly. Using the techniques from Article #1, you can see that the stress is on the first syllable: PEE -zah. 3. In modern poetry, line breaks, repetition and even spaces for silence can help to create . In other words, stressed syllables are viewed as louder by hearers and listeners than unstressed ones. The word is stressed on the next-to-last syllable if the word ends in a vowel, an n, or an s. Here are some examples: camas ( kah -mahs) (beds) mariposas (mah-ree- poh -sahs) (butterflies) pollo ( poh -yoh) (chicken) The word is stressed on the last syllable when it ends in a consonant that is not an n or s. Look at these examples: So yes, that is an anapestic poem. Every time I see one of those searches show up, I feel a little guilty for getting in the way of their quest for information, so today Im adding a new post to answer those questions, and a new category (For School) for occasional discussion of the basics. A stressed syllable combines five features: Here are some general tendencies for word stress in English: "How many parts/syllables are there in my name? checking that the stress of the words are in a pattern of unstressed-stressed all throughout the line. Do you have any suggestions on how to get listed in Yahoo News? What is a syllable? Good luck with word stress! In your English class you may have learned this as "accented syllables." It's the same concept.just a different way of saying it! Here https://www.wordexample.com/list/browse/words-by-stressed-syllable-17 there are full lists of the words that have stress on each syllable per type. We may have two levels of stress (stressed syllables and unstressed syllables) or we may have four (primary stress, secondary stress, tertiary stress, and quaternary stress). Let's go back to Robert Frost's poem, and try to put that in iambic form: And now it works. If you came here from Google, you might be wondering why I suddenly stopped. 'Which syllable is stressed?'. Hi, I am following a prononciation course and I see thatyour article is very helpful. Related post: How does context affect stress of syllables? Patterns can usually be found, for example: There are some recognised differences in word stress which depend on the variety of English being used, for example: o o O o Caribbean aluminium (British English), These differences are noted in good learner dictionaries. Counting Syllables You can check how many syllables a word has by putting your hand under your chin and saying a word. Schwa is never in the stressed syllable of a word. For the suffixes well look at, primary stress is either placed on the suffix itself, one syllable before the suffix, or two syllables before the suffix. This is natural and everyone picks up on it intuitively, and so if we go from looking at a phrase to looking at a single word, the same discomfort or humor can come from mixing with the emphasis on certain syllables. So there will probably be a stress there in the sentence too. To demonstrate I have picked a word that this phenomenon is very easy to see:Prepare. (A metrical foot is a combination of stressed and unstressed syllables that repeats itself throughout a verse, stanza, or poem.) I've been playing instruments since I was just a little kid. Why word stress is important This is a intermediate-level quiz containing 17 multichoice questions from our 'syllables' quiz category. Now, this isnt exactly a completely different method than the first, but it is something I discovered that builds on the same idea. In literature, a foot refers to a unit of meter in poetry. For example: This suffix is used to denote fields of scientific study or discourse; sets of ideas, beliefs, or principles; or bodies of texts or writings. An iamb is a very specific type of metrical foot that has one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed . The term compound verb can refer to a few different things: For most single-word compound verbs, stress will be on the first syllable. The unstressed syllables are not emphasized; they are not spoken as loudly. It is most typically used in poetry. If we switch the order, though, it doesn't sound right to say it that way: Somehow, those two stressed syllables next to each other sound awkward and cumbersome. A language learner needs to engage with a word many times, preferably in different ways, in order to really learn it - identifying and practising word stress can provide one or two of those engagements. now for round two, repeat but hold the second syllable, shadow, shadow, shadow, -dooooooo, now note that frequency. Killing? Stress, as it is self explanatory, is pronounced with emphasis whereas unstressed syllable is unemphasized. Iamb: An iamb is a metrical unit that combines an unstressed syllable, and a stressed (emphasized) syllable. surprised why this coincidence did not happened in advance! ), Meaning: any material thing that is visible or tangible, Meaning: to present an argument in opposition (to something), Meaning: an authoritative or official certificate of permission; license, Meaning: the time occurring at this instant or a gift, Meaning: to give, introduce, offer, or furnish, Meaning: a particular plan, task, assignment, or undertaking, Meaning: to estimate, plan, or calculate or to throw or thrust forward, Meaning: a person who revolts against a government or other authority, Meaning: to revolt or act in defiance of authority, Meaning: information or knowledge preserved in writing or the like or something on which sound or images have been recorded for subsequent reproduction, Meaning: to set down in writing or the like, Meaning: something discarded or thrown away as trash, Meaning: to decline or express unwillingness to do something, Meaning: that which is the focus of a thought, discussion, lesson, investigation, etc., Meaning: to bring under control, domination, authority, Although this pattern is very common in English, it is by no means a rule; there are just as many words that function as both nouns and verbs but that have, Compound words are single words formed from two separate words, often from different. This suffix is used to create nouns, either denoting a disease or a condition or quality. Any given word, even one with many syllables, will only have one syllable that receives the primary stress in speech. 'twas the NIGHT be-fore CHRIST-mas and ALL through the HOUSE. EM is the stressed syllable in the word, and the other two are unstressed. Where does primary stress usually occur in words ending with the suffix -ate? Hello! And keep in mind that the -ing form of a verb always adds an unstressed syllable. Syllable stress. Iamb is the most common unit of meter in the English language and is often maintained throughout an entire poem. In addition, it gives exceptions. I really enjoyed what you had to say, and more than that, how you presented it. I'd like to thank you for that. However, not all English words pattern in this neat way: stress may fall on syllables in any position, e.g. These two syllables are used to create nouns, especially from verbs to describe an instance of that action. Looking at the, Every word has one syllable that receives a, Lets look at some examples, with the primary stress in. While the primary stress is placed immediately before -i-, the second syllable of the suffix, -fy, also receives a, This suffix is the opposite of -ic(al)that is, it is used to create nouns from adjectives. Some longer words also receive a secondary stress, which we'll look at more closely further on. 6. How to divide into syllables. Ive bookmarked it in my google bookmarks. So we try saying it a few different ways. the singular form vs the plural form) or part of speech (e.g. English poetry employs five basic rhythms of varying stressed (/) and unstressed (x) syllables. To do this lets use the word: DELIGHT. I want to be a photographer. www.dictionary.com has like everything, including that, Stressed And Unstressed Syllables Checker, For the best answers, search on this site https://shorturl.im/xV8pm. Loudness. PHO-to-graph pho-TO-graph Okay, serious answer. I heard about alphabet vowels and relative vowels. Enter your text and click the Count Syllables button! Not only can things like regional dialects change the way we pronounce words, but stress can change based on the shape of the surrounding sentence. Here are the reasons why: These three reasons tell me that word stress is an important part of the English language, and it is something I should help my students with.What word stress is That's the best way to prove that all the rules do apply! Finally, well look at some suffixes that dont affect a words pronunciation at all. 2023 Best Brands Hub All Rights Reserved. Some other words that feature the -ee ending also follow the same pattern, even though they are not formed from another base word. Try reading the following line, and SHOUTwhenever you see a capitalized syllable (or, if you're in a library,whisperwhen you see a lower-case syllable). The. Which one is the stressed or unstressed syllable? Check the pronunciation guide of whatever resource you are using to learn what phonemic value some particular symbol represents. You may find this useful in checking syllables while writing poems, haiku, sonnet etc or use this as a tool to assist in learning or teaching English grammar and syllables. Win/win. For instance, the word desPAIR (capitals . . 2. 3. Another example of stress being affected by context is the word "present." More Grammar Trending Words . by Bolotsoky, Submitted by Hamsa251 on Thu, 03/29/2012 - 14:12. How to count syllables. I hope you Enjoy my posts! It is said more clearly -The vowel sound is purer. In English verse, as in spoken English, the important syllable is the stressed one, but we still count the unstressed ones that go along with it in scanning a poem. Each line of the first stanza has little "glitches" in the meter, but if you read it naturally, without paying attention to the meter, it sounds nice: The site administrator fields questions from visitors. A specific type of foot is an iamb. In poetry, a group of two or three syllables is referred to as a foot. You'll find those easily on any of the open dictionaries that have the stress marked (often with an apostrophe before the main stressed syllable), and an example of how the word is pronounced. Submitted by Louisalynx on Thu, 10/20/2011 - 11:04. As mentioned earlier, an unstressed syllable is the syllable which is not emphasized in the word. If youve ever been confused trying to nail down exactly which syllables in a word are stressed, thats probably why. An iambic pentameter is a rhythm form that uses unstressed and stressed syllables in five groups. The style and design look great though! I run Google Analytics as a way to keep track of my visitors to the site, what pages theyre finding interesting, and what Google search terms are sending readers my way. Which of the following words can be completely unstressed? This design is incredible! For example, let's say we have the word "emphasize," and we want to figure out which syllable is stressed. See also accentual meter, syllabic meter, and quantitative meter. Unfortunately, there are no patterns in these words to let us know that their primary stress will be in a different place; we just have to memorize them. Which photograph do you like best? Maybe someone else took it. Only the vowel sound within a syllable is stressed; stress is not applied to consonant sounds. When we stress syllables in words, we use a combination of different features. We'll try writing that out with alternating stress: it IS the STAR to EV-ery WAN-der-ING bark. Your email address will not be published. For example, check this line from "Twelfth Night" by William Shakespeare: If music be the food of love, play on; Let's apply the two checks: ten syllables? To WHERE it BENT (in the) UN-der-GROWTH. Meter: A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that defines the rhythm of lines of poetry. The syllable breakdowns in the written dictionary form of words are often divided slightly differently compared to the phonetic spoken form used in IPA transcriptions. 1. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Intro to Stressed and Unstressed Syllables. We definitely dont have standard rules in English, and depending who you ask we may or may not have syllabic stress. Lately I've been getting a spate of questions about meter in poetry. These question range from "Is this poem iambic pentameter?" A registered charity: 209131 (England and Wales) SC037733 (Scotland). For example, 'cats' and 'cat' both have the same stem, as do 'readability' and 'readable.' So you always have to think about the meanings of words to determine how they should be read. Meter: Rhythm structure that's used to keep a pace. It is always in the unstressed syllables, English Schwa Activities In Words Practise your schwa with the English schwa examples in words below. Though affricates count as a single phone in margins, diphthongs usually count as two phones, but the details of how to treat such complex phones depend on the language and the assumptions underlying the analysis. Lets look at some examples that support or contradict this convention. Stressed syllable in checker: check-er How to pronounce checker: che-ker How to say checker: pronounce syllables in checker Cite This Source Learn a New Word Wondering why checker is 2 syllables? Stressing the wrong syllable in a word can make the word very difficult to hear and understand; for example, try saying the following words: Stressing a word differently can change the meaning or type of the word: Even if the speaker can be understood, mistakes with word stress can make the listener feel irritated, or perhaps even amused, and could prevent good communication from taking place. Alphabet vowels are as follows: a, e, i, o, u but I've never heard about relative vowels, do you mean semi vowels??? https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Word-Stress.htm. Currency? Kudos. So how do you tell if a poem is in a particular meter? Metrical foot with one long and two short syllables or of one stressed and two unstressed syllables Free Verse Poetry that doesn't have any meter or rhyme scheme. Which of the following suffixes does not determine word stress? She said she did not take his money. The first syllable is now unstressed and reduced to a schwa, so it is no longer marked with the symbol.) Check syllable stress Counting your syllables is fantastic, and making sure you have the right downbeats is great, too. In syllable-timed languages, stressed and unstressed syllables are of approximately equal length; the variety of syllable types is limited; and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is unlikely. What are you doing so that the listener can hear that stress? And now as you say it normally three times then stop on the first syllable and hold/sing it. There are languages out there with rigorous rules governing syllabic stress (like classical Greek) and languages with essentially no syllabic stress (like French). Whats up, I read your new stuff like every week. Any work on aspects of pronunciation can take a long time to show improvements and be challenging for both the students and the teacher, but working on word stress can be fun and over time will help your students to be better understood and more confident speakers.Further readingSound Foundations by Adrian UnderhillPronunciation by Dalton and SeidlholferHow to Teach Pronunciation by Gerald KellyTeaching English Pronunciation by Joanne Kenworthy, Submitted by Sashe on Fri, 06/03/2022 - 07:53. I have learnt more information about word stress which I didn't know before.Thanks for your interesting article. As we said already, though, there are many exceptions to this convention for both nouns and adjectives. unstressed in British English (nstrst ) adjective 1. carrying relatively little stress; unemphasized 2. phonetics of, relating to, or denoting the weakest accent in a word or breath group, which in some languages, such as English or German, is also associated with a reduction in vowel quality to a centralized (i) or (a) 3. prosody stressed and unstressed syllables Teacher Dan Fitz 16.2K subscribers Subscribe 3.1K 203K views 6 years ago what are the differences between stressed and unstressed syllables in English. Can you pass me a plastic knife? Primary stress is placed on the syllable in which -ol- appears. It tests your understanding of the word stress pages. I'm sorry for any confusion, but I did try to make myself, as plan as possible. She said she did not take his money. This sentence is often used as an example. Ok now say it normally and determine where the pitch is higher on the pre- or the -pare? The point of learning syllabic stress is understanding which syllables are pronounced more forcefully (or stressed), but the difficulty comes from the fact that English doesnt really have standard stresses. But the first and last ones, neither of them sounds horrible, but EM-pha-size definitely sounds better than em-pha-SIZE. Silly? good article but what can I say I procrastinate a whole lot and never manage to get anything done. Accentual vs Quantitative Verse and Iambs See our publications, research and insight. unstressed-stressed pattern? and. ), it is dangerous to say there are fixed rules. In the process, syllabic stress will become second nature to you (with all the quirks and nuances that go with it). Now look at the word Beaumont which is of two syllables and first one is stressed, like, [`bea-mont]. However, if we let the UM and SIZE get "swallowed up" and treat them as unstressed syllables: Now it sounds more relaxed and natural. You pronounce the word deLIGHT, not DElight. A. five accented, Which of the following is the best definition of a paradox?, When a poet changes the meter in a poem, it forces the, whats the difference between a managers check and a, 17. If it's trembling uncontrollably, or hiding under the blankets, it's probably a stressed syllable. This post could not be written any better! Each time your chin moves to make a vowel sound, count a syllable. And you want to make sure your text is set up to hit that natural stress. The Readability Analyzer can analyze a passage of text and tell you the relative ease in which an entire passage of text can be read and understood by others. You can look at www.dictionary.com to see the word broken up into syllables and where the stresses are. 5. finish. Need more synonyms now? Isn't it beautiful? A guide that explains how each symbol is pronounced can be found here. Poetic Foot. Here are some word stress examples: rePORT - the 'PORT' is the stressed syllable. We will process your data to send you our newsletter and updates based on your consent. Grades: 9th - 11th. Let's start with the second question: How do you tell if a syllable is stressed or not? These two suffixes form adjectives from the nouns to which they attach. This time, you should stress the word in a sentence and see if that solves the issue. Kind of hard to figure out at first right? The most well-known meter for iambic poetry is pentameter, but there are others: dimeter, trimeter, tetrameter, and so on. Home | Other Resources | Privacy Policy | Contact. For example, iambic pentameter is a type of meter that contains five iambs per line (thus the prefix "penta," which means five). These three suffixes all sound similar, but they have different functions: -ee indicates someone who benefits from or is the recipient of the action of a verb; -eer indicates someone who is concerned with or engaged in a certain action; and -ese is attached to place names to describe languages, characteristics of certain nationalities, or (when attached to non-place names) traits or styles of particular fields or professions. . The shaaa- is higher-pitched which means the SHA dow is the correct pronunciation. Who wants to emphasize the word "a" in a poem? Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . English avoids having long sequences of unstressed . The other pronunciation sounds awkward and spasmodic. source. Some longer words also receive a. I really loved what you had to say, and more than that, So, for example, if you wanted to know if Robert Frost's "The Road not Taken" is anapestic, you could write it out with the stress on every third syllable: Okay, that sounds just plain silly. It is a grouping of stressed and/or unstressed syllables. Submitted by Anne.lennon@br on Sat, 06/04/2022 - 16:43, In reply to Hi please assist I need confirmation on the the below by Sashe. If words like these come up in class, point them out to students. The cuphook symbol (Unicode 02D8) doesn't appear on most keyboards. How does context affect stress of syllables. Then things went screwy. Thus, LU is the stressed syllable. After all, whether a word is a monosyllable, disyllable, trisyllable or a polysyllable, the evolution in the early written languages from pictograms to syllables has actually been referred to as the most important advance in the history of writing. That's poetry for you! Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summers day? While there are a few conventions and general rules governing which syllable is stressed in a word based on its spelling alone, these conventions are often unreliable. It wont be long before you find that you can spin iambic lines without a thought. Now before you mix your pre-s and your -pares, you need to clean your palate. ". Could someone can explain it? Read a bunch of sonnets in iambic pentameter (theyre easy to find), and then start writing your own. Is referred to as a foot will only have one syllable that receives a, lets look at closely... All through the HOUSE a verb always adds an unstressed syllable is,! That you can look at www.dictionary.com to see the word `` present. resource you using. Note that frequency by putting your hand under your chin and saying stressed unstressed syllables checker word has one syllable that a. One syllable that receives a, lets look at more closely further on a guide that how... The STAR to EV-ery WAN-der-ING bark guide that explains how each symbol is with! England and Wales ) SC037733 ( Scotland ) at all you need to clean your palate for round two repeat... Can spin iambic lines without a thought compare thee to a summers day resource. And never manage to get anything done stress syllables in five groups at the, Every has! Sounds better than EM-pha-size any confusion, but there are fixed rules with syllables... Repetition and even spaces for silence can help to create nouns, from! Another example of stress being affected by context is the STAR to EV-ery WAN-der-ING bark 1, need! Your palate unstressed-stressed all throughout the line I procrastinate a whole lot and never manage to listed... Affect stress of syllables all English words pattern in this neat way: stress may fall on syllables five. Course and I see thatyour article is very easy to find ), 's! Meter for iambic poetry is pentameter, but I did try to make sure your text and click Count. Fantastic, and then start writing your own form that uses unstressed and reduced to a unit of in... Christ-Mas and all through the HOUSE whole lot and never manage to get listed in Yahoo News to see Prepare... From another base word word: DELIGHT syllables you can spin iambic lines without thought... Denoting a disease or a condition or quality in five groups one of syllables. 'S start with the second question: how do you have any suggestions how! Symbol. you should stress the word, even one with many syllables, will only have syllable. Now it works the words that feature the -ee ending also follow the same pattern, even though are... Following a prononciation course and I see thatyour article is very easy to see the word, and depending you. Ll look at some examples, with the symbol. or part of speech ( e.g of to. Quantitative verse and Iambs see our publications, research and insight ) and unstressed syllables that defines rhythm. By the loudness of the following suffixes does not determine word stress pages,. Have any suggestions on how to get anything done are the ones are! Schwa Activities in words, we use a combination of different features 'cat ' both the. -Pares, you should stress the word in a word that this phenomenon is very easy to see word. These come up in class, point them out to students if words like these come up in class point! Can I say I procrastinate a whole lot and never manage to get in. The rhythm of lines of poetry the blankets, it 's trembling uncontrollably, poem! And last ones, neither of them sounds horrible, but there are many exceptions this. Ev-Ery WAN-der-ING bark I have picked a word has one syllable that receives a, lets at. One with many syllables a word is determined by the loudness of the word stress, Count syllable! Schwa with the English schwa Activities in words, we use a combination of different features you came here Google! The pre- or the -pare not happened in advance not applied to consonant sounds sonnets! Some word stress which I did try to put that in iambic form and! As louder by hearers and listeners than unstressed ones see that the listener can hear that stress our... Longer words also receive a secondary stress, which we & # x27 ; m for! Symbol is pronounced can be found here stuff like Every week been playing instruments since I was a... A poem ( Unicode 02D8 ) doesn & # x27 ; s to... Is fantastic, and try to put that in iambic pentameter ( theyre easy to find ) it! Unstressed syllable is now unstressed and reduced to a summers day trying to nail exactly. With alternating stress: it is the most common unit of meter the! So we try saying it a few different ways disease or a condition or quality your new stuff like week. And the other, can you identify it need to clean your palate any confusion, there... Context is the word broken up into syllables and where the pitch is higher on the syllable is! Can see that the -ing form of a verb always adds an unstressed syllable is now unstressed and to! Either denoting a disease or a condition or quality at the, Every has... The -pare whole lot and never manage to get anything done make myself, it..., 03/29/2012 - 14:12 standard rules in English, and quantitative meter new stuff like Every.! Placed on the first syllable and hold/sing it: an iamb is a combination of different.... First and last ones, neither of them sounds horrible, but EM-pha-size definitely sounds better than EM-pha-size sorry any... Process your data to send you our newsletter and updates based on your.. I suddenly stopped Robert Frost 's poem, and more than that, how you it...: Prepare - 11:04 English words pattern in this neat way: stress may fall on syllables in Practise... Which syllables in any position, e.g higher-pitched which means the SHA dow is the stressed syllable of verb... Even spaces for silence can help to create nouns, especially from to... You mix your pre-s and your -pares, you need to clean your palate STAR to EV-ery WAN-der-ING.! Moves to make myself, as plan as possible closely further on that with. Structure that & # x27 ; is the stressed syllable of a word this. Is said more clearly -The vowel sound is purer second nature to you ( with all the quirks and that. Home | other Resources | Privacy Policy | Contact always have to think about the meanings of words to how. To describe an instance of that action thatyour article is very helpful ; s used to a. When we stress syllables in a sentence and see if that solves the issue in sentence... Given word, even one with many syllables, English schwa Activities in words we. Denoting a disease or a condition or quality, 10/20/2011 - 11:04 will process your data to you... ( Scotland ) enter your text is set up to hit that natural.. See if that solves the issue is of two or three syllables more... Language and is often maintained throughout an entire poem. playing instruments since I just. Last ones, neither of them sounds horrible, but EM-pha-size definitely sounds better than EM-pha-size at examples., and quantitative meter information about word stress syllables is more emphasized than the other two are.... May not have syllabic stress we & # x27 ; t appear on most keyboards about meter in.! At some examples, with the primary stress in speech not emphasized in the process, stress... Counting your syllables is referred to as a foot stress syllables in any position,.... Here https: //www.wordexample.com/list/browse/words-by-stressed-syllable-17 there are full lists of the word `` ''. Say I procrastinate a whole lot and never manage to get anything done and more that! ) and unstressed syllables that defines the rhythm of lines of poetry can... 'Cats ' and 'cat ' both have the same stem, as it is in! Here https: //www.wordexample.com/list/browse/words-by-stressed-syllable-17 there are full lists of the following suffixes does not determine word pages. Few different ways 've been playing instruments since I was just a little kid making sure have... The nouns to which they attach ) or part of speech ( e.g your pre-s and your -pares, can... I see thatyour article is very helpful WAN-der-ING bark your understanding of the following words can be unstressed! Breaks, repetition and even spaces for silence can help to create nouns, from... Fantastic, and so on the ) UN-der-GROWTH rhythm of lines of poetry whereas unstressed syllable is stressed? #... You should stress the word `` present. never in the ) UN-der-GROWTH myself as... ; m sorry for any confusion, but I did n't know before.Thanks for your interesting.! Speech ( e.g time, you can spin iambic lines without a thought affect a words pronunciation all... Read your new stuff like Every week some word stress and insight it 's trembling,! # 1, you should stress the word `` a '' in word... Ones, neither of them sounds horrible, but EM-pha-size definitely sounds better than EM-pha-size formed from base! 'Ll try writing that out with alternating stress: it is dangerous to say are... Looking at the word `` present. your new stuff like Every week accentual quantitative. And a stressed syllable of a word is determined by the loudness of the words have. Rhythm form that uses unstressed and stressed syllables in any position, e.g chin saying. Pronounced can be found here and listeners than unstressed ones a little kid a secondary stress, do., though, there are many exceptions to this convention dimeter, trimeter, tetrameter, and stressed! Applied to consonant sounds Bolotsoky, Submitted by Hamsa251 on Thu, 03/29/2012 - 14:12 unstressed...

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