professor michael clarke biography

Therefore, infection with this virus preferentially kills estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells, or cells growing under hypoxic conditions. Expression of microRNA-30c inversely correlates with interleukin-11 expression in primary breast tumours and low interleukin-11 correlates with relapse-free survival in breast cancer patients. Heights. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of stem and progenitor cell functions. Effect of ASXL1 on the stemness of colorectal cancer initiating cells. Adjunct Senior Lecturer Dr Urs Wermuth. Direct visualization of human tumor cells in vivo shows two patterns of high-speed migration inside primary tumors: (1) single cells and (2) multicellular streams (i.e., cells following each other in a single file but without cohesive cell junctions). Raised by his single mother, Jean, a house cleaner, on Chicago's South Side, Duncan grew up resisting drugs and alcohol, instead concentrating on school. In addition, Usp16 is associated with decreased ubiquitination of Cdkn2a and accelerated senescence in Ts65Dn fibroblasts. These cancerous cells then grow clonally into tumors and eventually have the potential to metastasize. He was Director General of the Royal United Services Institute from 2017-2015 and is now a Distinguished Fellow at RUSI. Tumors injected four times with the bcl-xs adenovirus showed a 50% reduction in size. View details for DOI 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0229, View details for Web of Science ID 000247722100006. The ability to prospectively identify tumorigenic cancer cells will facilitate the elucidation of pathways that regulate their growth and survival. With noninvasive imaging approaches, as few as 10 cells of stably labeled BCSCs could be tracked in vivo, enabling studies of early tumor growth and spontaneous metastasis. These findings have important implications for the development and evaluation of oncologic therapies and present opportunities for potential gains in patient outcome. Il termine stato coniato dal giornalista statunitense Gary Wolf nel 2006. Here we report that microRNA-30c, a human breast tumour prognostic marker, has a pivotal role in chemoresistance by a direct targeting of the actin-binding protein twinfilin 1, which promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Parsels, L. A., Zellars, R. C., Loney, T. L., Parsels, J. D., Clarke, M. F., MERCHANT, A. K., Lawrence, T. S., Maybaum, J. Bcl-x(s) enhances adenoviral vector-induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. In 2007, he became the Director of the Royal United Services Institute. This new paradigm of oncogenesis has been validated in a growing list of tumors. Adipose mesenchymal stromal cells, haematopoietic stem cells and hepatocytes are among those cell types that are especially responsive. In contrast, C5-bGM-CSF binding above background fluorescence could not be detected using this system, suggesting that this derivative could bind to and activate the receptor, but not simultaneously bind fluorescein-conjugated avidin. Thus a limiting serum component is responsible for the altered metabolic and growth rates. Clarke, Clifton - Professor: Business Management Clement, Anthony E. - Associate Professor: Mathematics Cohen, Douglas - Lecturer/Doctoral Scholar: . Adams, S., Upadhyaya, G., Clarke, M. F., Emerson, S. G. CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION OF A C-MYB CDNA BLOCKS FRIEND MURINE ERYTHROLEUKEMIA CELL-DIFFERENTIATION. LONDON Dancer, choreographer, ex-heroin addict, prodigal son, perfectionist, art-world darling, club-world star: Michael Clark was for a long time . These results validate the stem cell working model in human CRC and provide a highly robust surface marker profile for CRC stem cell isolation. Published Oct. 2, 2020 Updated Oct. 5, 2020. Ryan, J. J., Prochownik, E., Gottlieb, C. A., Apel, I. J., Merino, R., Nunez, G., Clarke, M. F. CELL-CYCLE ANALYSIS OF P53-INDUCED CELL-DEATH IN MURINE ERYTHROLEUKEMIA-CELLS. A., Li, Q., Mahmoudabadi, G., McGeever, A., Olivieri, J. E., Park, M., Ravikumar, N., Stanley, G., Tan, W., Tarashansky, A. J., Vanheusden, R., Wang, P., Wang, S., Xing, G., Xu, C., Yosef, N., Culver, R., Dethlefsen, L., Ho, P., Liu, S., Maltzman, J. S., Metzger, R. J., Sasagawa, K., Sinha, R., Song, H., Wang, B., Artandi, S. E., Beachy, P. A., Clarke, M. F., Giudice, L. C., Huang, F. W., Huang, K. C., Idoyaga, J., Kim, S. K., Kuo, C. S., Nguyen, P., Rando, T. A., Red-Horse, K., Reiter, J., Relman, D. A., Sonnenburg, J. L., Wu, A., Wu, S. M., Wyss-Coray, T. Molecular hallmarks of heterochronic parabiosis at single-cell resolution. In order for treatment to be effective long term, the mechanisms enabling treatment adaptation need to be understood. The combination of tissue-specific and tumor-specific elements offers the possibility to artificially develop such promoters. View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5698470. We found that adult and fetal mouse and adult human HSCs express the proto-oncogene Bmi-1. Utilizing computer-assisted integration techniques, we have theoretically simulated culture cell production kinetics to help identify factors that may be responsible for culture decay, as well as to suggest possible means of improving culture longevity. Cancer is often viewed as a caricature of normal developmental processes, but the extent to which its cellular heterogeneity truly recapitulates multilineage differentiation processes of normal tissues remains unknown. This transcriptomic atlas-which we denote Tabula Muris Senis, or 'Mouse Ageing Cell Atlas'-provides molecular information about how the most important hallmarks of ageing are reflected in a broad range of tissues and cell types. Who we Are. The arrangement of this clone suggests that its RNA transcript was activated by provirus integration in cis, possibly by the activity of a downstream provirus enhancer. Clarke, M. F., Apel, I. J., Benedict, M. A., Eipers, P. G., Sumantran, V., GONZALEZGARCIA, M., Doedens, M., Fukunaga, N., Davidson, B., Dick, J. E., Minn, A. J., Boise, L. H., Thompson, C. B., Wicha, M., Nunez, G. RETROVIRAL-MEDIATED GENE-TRANSFER IN HUMAN BONE-MARROW CELLS GROWN IN CONTINUOUS PERFUSION CULTURE VESSELS. [1] Clarke is a former Deputy Vice-Principal and Director of Research Development at King's College London, where he remains a Visiting Professor of Defence Studies. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful assay used to probe DNA-protein interactions. Prince, M. E., Sivanandan, R., Kaczorowski, A., Wolf, G. T., Kaplan, M. J., Dalerba, P., Weissman, I. L., Clarke, M. F., Ailles, L. E. Chromosome 5q deletion and epigenetic suppression of the gene encoding alpha-catenin (CTNNA1) in myeloid cell transformation. These results suggest that the activity of some mutant p53 proteins can be functionally modified by exogenous compounds. This effect is the same as that of Lys-305 mutation. Hernandez-Alcoceba, R., Pihalja, M., Nunez, G., Clarke, M. F. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel regulator of G-protein signaling from mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Here we show that in Ts65Dn mice, which are trisomic for 132 genes homologous to genes on human chromosome 21, triplication of Usp16 reduces the self-renewal of haematopoietic stem cells and the expansion of mammary epithelial cells, neural progenitors and fibroblasts. Single-cell transcriptomics of 20 mouse organs creates a Tabula Muris. Box 270211 Rochester, NY 14627. Of five long-term NSGCT survivors, four were treated in first relapse with platinum-sensitive disease. Ukraine War: Prof Michael Clarke answers your questions Sky News 6.14M subscribers 1.6M views Streamed 4 months ago #SkyNews #Ukraine #Russia Sky's security and defence analyst Professor. Liu, H., Bockhorn, J., Dalton, R., Olopade, O. F., Clarke, M. F., Greene, G. L. MicroRNAs regulating breast cancer stem cells and metastasis. Cytoplasmic sequestration of the p53 tumor suppresser protein has been proposed as a mechanism involved in abolishing p53 function. The cumulative data provide the foundation for an atlas of transcriptomic cell biology. Anaesthesia 2001, 56(5), 486-487. Although initial adhesion of hematopoietic cells was improved by the presence of both ECMs, the overall progenitor and nonadherent cell productivity was not improved nor did the stroma grow to confluency faster. Cancers originally develop from normal cells that gain the ability to proliferate aberrantly and eventually turn malignant. . Interstitial loss of all or part of the long arm of chromosome 5, or del(5q), is a frequent clonal chromosomal abnormality in human myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, a preleukemic disorder) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases by deleting one or more tumor-suppressor genes. Professor Michael Clarke, Director of the Royal United Services Institute and a graduate of the Department of International Politics, was honoured as Fellow of Aberystwyth University on Tuesday 10 July. Diehn, M., Cho, R. W., Ailles, L., Lam, J. S., Kaplan, M. J., Somlo, G., Weissman, I. L., Clarke, M. F. Implications of Cancer Stem Cells for Tumor Metastasis. Arthur C. Clarke, in full Sir Arthur Charles Clarke, (born December 16, 1917, Minehead, Somerset, Englanddied March 19, 2008, Colombo, Sri Lanka), English writer, notable for both his science fiction and his nonfiction. Modulation of p53 function is of interest, therefore, both in understanding the control of apoptosis and as a potential therapeutic intervention. miR-200c inhibited the clonal expansion of breast cancer cells and suppressed the growth of embryonal carcinoma cells in vitro. In both breast cancers and central nervous system tumors, cancer cells differ in their ability to form tumors. Jasty, R., Lu, J. Y., Irwin, T., Suchard, S., Clarke, M. F., Castle, V. P. Cooperation of a single lysine mutation and a C-terminal domain in the cytoplasmic sequestration of the p53 protein, A method of limited replication for the efficient in vivo delivery of adenovirus to cancer cells. It has been reported that Lysine-305 is needed for the nuclear import of the p53 protein (Liang et al., 1998). Multiple cell lines expressing variable levels of exogenous temperature-sensitive p53 were generated. Michael Sandel teaches political philosophy at Harvard University. While cell lines expressing p53 alone rapidly died, those cells co-expressing Bcl-XL survived. We used Bcl-XS, a dominant negative inhibitor of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, to demonstrate the role of these genes in modulating chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. The productivity of cultures exposed to conCM for 4 weeks dropped significantly when unsupplemented medium was used for the latter 4 weeks of culture. Park, I., Qian, D., Kiel, M., Becker, M., Prohaska, S., Weissman, I., Morrison, S., Clarke, M. Bmi-1 is required for maintenance of adult self-renewing haematopoietic stem cells. Liu, H., Bockhorn, J., Dalton, R., Chang, Y., Qian, D., Zitzow, L. A., Clarke, M. F., Greene, G. L. Identification of miRNAs that regulate breast cancer stem cells and spontaneous metastases in orthotopic mouse models. View details for DOI 10.1038/s41586-022-04461-2. Research Expertise and Interests On the pathway level, young blood invokes new gene sets in addition to reversing established ageing patterns, with the global rescue of genes encoding electron transport chain subunits pinpointing a prominent role of mitochondrial function in parabiosis-mediated rejuvenation. Background The identification of high-risk stage II colon cancers is key to the selection of patients who require adjuvant treatment after surgery. Professor Clarke has over 45 years of professional experience with approximately 250 publications and presentations. CHUCK, A. S., Clarke, M. F., Palsson, B. O. bcl-x(s) gene therapy induces apoptosis of human mammary tumors in nude mice. Han, J. S., Qian, D. L., Wicha, M. S., Clarke, M. F. Targeting cancer cell death with a bcl-x(s) adenovirus. The tumor suppressor protein p53 has been identified as a key regulator of apoptosis in both normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. This increase is associated with the acquisition of long-term reconstitution capacity by cells of the phenotype c-kit+Sca-1+Flt3+CD150-CD48-Lin-, which defines multipotent progenitors in wild-type mice. The conditional expression of lethal genes in tumor cells is a promising gene therapy approach for the treatment of cancer. A., Stelzer, Y., Luong, A. V., Isobe, T., Zarnegar, M. A., Watanabe, N., Antonana, S., Lam, J., Qian, D., Sikandar, S. S., Kuo, A. H., Heitink, L. S., Shimono, Y., Scheeren, F. A., Cai, S., Hisamori, S., Sahoo, D., Dirbas, F. M., Somlo, G., Jaenisch, R., Christina, C., Clarke, M. F. Characterizing the role of the nuclear coactivator AIB1 in triple-negative breast cancer. View details for DOI 10.1038/s41586-020-2496-1, View details for Web of Science ID 000485326200019, View details for DOI 10.1158/1538-7445.SABCS18-SY17-02, View details for Web of Science ID 000488129901140, View details for Web of Science ID 000453773601250. These results suggest all human solid tumor cells require CD47 expression to suppress phagocytic innate immune surveillance and elimination. Investigator:Michael Clarke (CI) Rural Industries Research & Development Corporation, 2016, $130,500 Development of honeybee products from a biodiversity hotspot Katherine Hammer, Connie Locher, Michael Clarke (CI) MS Research Australia, 2014, $180,000 Project Title: Vitamin D metabolites and risk of multiple sclerosis in the Ausimmune Study He has also acted as a reviewer for the EPSRC and for funding councils in Austria, Finland, France and Germany. Haematopoiesis is maintained by a hierarchical system where haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to multipotent progenitors, which in turn differentiate into all types of mature blood cells. Prof Mike Clarke is Professor of Zoology at La Trobe University. Comparing the expression signature of normal HSC to that of LSC, we identified 3,005 differentially expressed genes. These results indicated the involvement of cis-acting sequences in the regulation of p53 subcellular localization. In breast cancer, while a subset of cells with epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes have stem cell activity, in many cells that have lost epithelial characteristics with increased expression of mesenchymal genes, have decreased tumor-initiating capacity and plasticity. Similarly, tumors contain a minority population of cancer stem cells that maintain the tumor. His best known works are the script he wrote with American film director Stanley Kubrick for 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) and the novel of that film. Two clones which initially expressed low levels of human c-myb transcripts and which differentiated normally were subsequently inhibited in their ability to differentiate when grown in successively higher concentrations of methotrexate, due to amplification and enhanced expression of plasmid sequences. In postnatal Bmi-1-/- mice, the number of HSCs was markedly reduced. Dr. Michael F. Clarke is the Karel and Avice Beekhuis Professor in Cancer Biology and Associate Director of the Stanford Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine. In concert with endogenous DMSO-induced globin transcription during MEL cell differentiation, the beta-globin c-myb transcription unit of the transfected plasmid is activated after 3-5 days of culture in media containing DMSO. This promoter induces transcriptional activation of the E1a and E4 units in response to estrogens in cells that express the ERs. It has been proposed, therefore, that failure to effectively treat cancer may in part be due to preferential resistance of these CSC to chemotherapeutic agents. The retrovirus transduced culture continued to produce genetically modified hematopoietic progenitors for up to 6 weeks, the duration of the culture period. To direct the replication of the virus to breast cancer, we have considered one characteristic present in a great proportion of these cancers, which is the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs). Ryan, J. J., Danish, R., Gottlieb, C. A., Clarke, M. F. C-MYB EFFECTS ON KINETIC EVENTS DURING MEL CELL-DIFFERENTIATION. Bmi-1 was expressed at its highest levels in undifferentiated leukemia cells. RNA splicing programs define tissue compartments and cell types at single-cell resolution. From 1990 to 2001 he was the founding Director of the Centre for Defence Studies at King's. Microarray-based multigene-expression signatures derived from stem cells and progenitor cells hold promise, but they are difficult to use in clinical practice. View details for Web of Science ID 000173215900013. Clones with various levels of c-sis expression were generated by transfecting NIH 3T3 cells with a plasmid that expressed the human c-sis cDNA and the TN5 neomycin-resistance gene. View details for Web of Science ID 000227329300006. Knockdown of KIT decreased proliferation of colon cancer cell lines and growth of xenograft tumors in mice compared with control cells. Cancers arise in a tissue as the culmination of a series of mutations that activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor suppressor genes. The identification of promoters that are preferentially active in cancer cells is the starting point for this strategy. Using a model in which human breast cancer cells were grown in immunocompromised mice, we found that only a minority of breast cancer cells had the ability to form new tumors. While the transfected cells grew normally in the presence of mutant p53 (37.5 degrees C), wild-type p53 (32.5 degrees C) was associated with a rapid loss of cell viability. We assessed tumorigenicity using limiting dilution analysis.KIT and KITLG were expressed heterogeneously by a subset of human colon tumors. Patsialou, A., Bravo-Cordero, J., Wang, Y., Liu, H., Clarke, M. F., Condeells, J. S. Deregulation of stem cell self-renewal pathways in cancer, MicroRNA-30c inhibits human breast tumour chemotherapy resistance by regulating TWF1 and IL-11. These include the nuclear import and export signals of p53, inhibition of p53 nuclear import and export by oligomerization, MDM2-mediated p53 nuclear export, and possible roles of p53 phosphorylation in regulating p53 cellular localization. This conserved requirement for Bmi-1 to promote self-renewal and to repress p16Ink4a expression suggests that a common mechanism regulates the self-renewal and postnatal persistence of diverse types of stem cell. In mammary glands, reduced levels of Usp16 increase tissue responsiveness to Wnt, resulting in upregulation of the downstream Wnt target Axin2, expansion of the basal compartment and increased in vitro and in vivo epithelial regeneration. After 48 h in culture, DR antigen expression was substantially increased, but no significant changes were observed in methylation of the DR alpha locus or in the amount of DR mRNA which was present. Hosen, N., Clarke, M. F., Weissman, I. L. Cancer stem cells--perspectives on current status and future directions: AACR Workshop on cancer stem cells. B., Byrne, A., Chen, M., Dehghannasiri, R., Gayoso, A., Granados, A. However, inferring both the state and direction of differentiation is challenging. A spacer between this basic domain and NLS I is necessary for the entrance of p53 into the cell nucleus. He is member of the Board of Parks Victoria. T47D cells were then transfected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of the tumor suppressor p53 (p53ts). (2007) analyze the relationship between CSC and tumor metastasis. Traditional methods of implementing this assay are lengthy, cumbersome and require a large number of cells, making it difficult to study rare cell types such as certain cancer and stem cells. Park, I. K., Morrison, S. J., Clarke, M. F. Applying the principles of stem-cell biology to cancer. Here, using molecular clones of HTLV and human major histocompatibility antigen DNA, we have shown homology between the envelope gene region of HTLV and the region of an HLA-B locus gene which codes for the extracellular portion of a class I histocompatibility antigen. View details for Web of Science ID A1984SJ97500057. Comparison of IRF3 and NF-B induction in STAT1(-/-) mice revealed that murine but not simian RRV mediated accumulation of IkB- protein and decreased transcription of NF-B-dependent genes. Director, Teaching & Learning. The SUVlean of residual viable tumors (4.51 +/- 1.34 [mean +/- SD]) was higher than that of mature teratoma (1.38 +/- 0.71) and necrosis or scar (1.05 +/- 0.29) (P < .05). View details for DOI 10.1038/s41587-021-01188-9, View details for DOI 10.7554/eLife.70692.sa2, View details for Web of Science ID 000715795700001, View details for Web of Science ID 000680263504041, View details for DOI 10.1200/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.e15067, View details for Web of Science ID 000708120301134, View details for DOI 10.1200/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.3105, View details for Web of Science ID 000708120601279. We performed multiplexed single-cell gene expression analysis with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction followed by hierarchical clustering analysis to characterize distinct cell types. Cancers of epithelial origin are responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths in the USA. This phenotypic diversity is driven by a small subset of mammary tumour stem cells. Bystander cells did not display enhanced type I IFN transcription but had elevated levels of certain IFN-stimulated genes, presumably in response to exogenous IFNs secreted from immune cells. To delineate more accurately the point at which Myb blocks differentiation, MEL cells were transfected with a human c-myb construct under the control of the beta-globin promoter and enhancers. We report that Bcl-XL, which functions like Bcl-2 to inhibit apoptosis, is highly expressed in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using bcl-xs gene therapy to induce apoptosis in human breast tumors. Patsialou, A., Bravo-Cordero, J. J., Wang, Y., Entenberg, D., Liu, H., Clarke, M., Condeelis, J. S. Intravital multiphoton imaging reveals multicellular streaming as a crucial component of in vivo cell migration in human breast tumors. View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.0610117104, View details for Web of Science ID 000243761100053. We prospectively identified and isolated the tumorigenic cells as CD44(+)CD24(-/low)Lineage(-) in eight of nine patients. Both VIM and TWF1 have been shown to regulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Liu, H., Shimono, Y., Bockhorn, J., Olopade, F., Greene, G., Clarke, M. F. Cancer stem cells from human breast tumors are involved in spontaneous metastases in orthotopic mouse models. Widespread activation of immune cells is especially pronounced, and is first detectable in white adipose depots during middle age. Three of these forms co-migrate on Northern blots and are co-expressed in several human hematopoietic cell types. Westin, E. H., Gorse, K. M., Clarke, M. F. THE PROLIFERATION OF AML-193 IS REGULATED BY MULTIPLE HEMATOPOIETIC GROWTH-FACTORS AND CYTOKINES. In human breast cancers, a phenotypically distinct minority population of tumorigenic (TG) cancer cells (sometimes referred to as cancer stem cells) drives tumor growth when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.stem.2016.11.007, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5341693. Growing up on Chicago's South Side in the 1960s and 1970s, Michael Clarke Duncan experienced poverty and crime as an unfortunately normal part of life. View details for DOI 10.1038/s41598-020-71805-1. A gene expression analysis revealed that the expression of stem cell associated genes, cell survival genes, transcription factors, and genes modulating proliferation including p16Ink4a and p19Arf was altered in bone marrow cells of the Bmi-1-/- mice. Gene profiling experiments have revealed similarities between cancer and embryonic stem (ES) cells. These results indicate that a basic domain other than the well defined NLS is required for the nuclear import of p53. Southern blots of DNA from HTLV-infected cells digested with the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme HpaII showed that the proviral DNA was methylated in all of the uncultured peripheral blood cells tested. Olivieri, J., Dehghannasiri, R., Wang, P. L., Jang, S., de Morree, A., Tan, S. Y., Ming, J., Wu, A., Consortium, T., Quake, S. R., Krasnow, M. A., Salzman, J. TACH101, a first-in-class pan inhibitor of KDM4 histone lysine demethylases. Professor William Clarke. Most cancers comprise a heterogenous population of cells with marked differences in their proliferative potential as well as the ability to reconstitute the tumor upon transplantation. These data suggest that the late fall in c-myb levels may be required in order for differentiation to occur. Here, to reveal mechanisms by which different neoplastic cells generate this dominant 'don't eat me' signal, we analyse the CD47 regulatory genomic landscape. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the stromal cell layer does produce important factors for active hematopoiesis during its growth to confluence. We identify two distinct super-enhancers (SEs) associated with CD47 in certain cancer cell types. Emerging evidence has suggested that the capability of a tumor to grow and propagate is dependent on a small subset of cells within a tumor, termed cancer stem cells. The human RGS18 ortholog has a tissue-specific expression pattern similar to that of mouse RGS18. Solid CRC tissues, either primary tissues collected from surgical specimens or xenografts established in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice, were disaggregated into single-cell suspensions and analyzed by flow cytometry. We demonstrate that radiation-induced cell death occurs by both p53-dependent and -independent pathways and overexpression of bcl-2 modulates both pathways. At the time of ABMT, 10 were chemosensitive, four were chemoresistant, and 10 were absolutely refractory to platinum. In contrast, transplantation of CSC results in changes in the branching patterns of endogenous ducts while non-CSC do not. Professor. Tom Hanks. Han, J. S., Nunez, G., Wicha, M. S., Clarke, M. F. Prevention of fluorodeoxyuridine-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in HT29 colon carcinoma cells by conditional expression of wild-type p53 phenotype. Cell surface GM-CSF receptor binding was characterized by the binding of the analogues to human neutrophils, with detection by fluorescein-conjugated avidin and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. 2010). Ayash, L. J., Clarke, M., Silver, S. M., Braun, T., Uberti, J., Ratanatharathorn, V., Reynolds, C., Ferrara, J., Broun, E. R., Adams, P. T. Evaluation of a new dual-specificity promoter for selective induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Several pathways, including Wnt signaling, MAP Kinase signaling, and Adherens Junction, are well known for their role in cancer development and stem cell biology. We studied the effect of the combination of rapid culture medium exchange with the addition of the human hematopoietic growth factors interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and erythropoietin (Epo) on the proliferation and differentiation of human long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs).

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