pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation

NARRATOR: By 2010, Dr. McKee had looked at the brains of 20 NFL players. Dr. ANN McKEE: I think it's going to be a shockingly high percentage. But now the NFL's concussion crisis was again national news. / 1h 53m. NARRATOR: Just two years later, in 2002, Mike Webster died. The people here are tough, tough-minded. He fumbled the ball! NARRATOR: The NFL retirement board had no choice. Here's a roll-out. STEVE FAINARU: There's almost a Darwinian quality about the NFL. It was during that time that a brain arrived that would dramatically raise the stakes. There must be really important variables, genetics, things about the type of exposure to brain trauma people get. NARRATOR: Then, with football season about to begin, a surprise settlement. NARRATOR: What she saw was that telltale protein, tau. It just I just couldn't believe what I was seeing. He was on my left. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: You have an 18-year-old with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The NFL knew it, but the players certainly didn't know it. houston social media influencer Space Is Ace Kindness Over Everything Monsters. Rep. MAXINE WATERS (D), California: We have heard from the NFL time and time again. Now one of Casson's first moves, a public denial of Omalu's conclusions. MARK FAINARU: He ends up in the dust bowl of north central California, and he's working as a medical examiner there, as far removed from the NFL as anybody could be, and trying to figure out how to sort of stay in it. PETER KEATING: Dr. Ira Casson, who is an expert, but an abrasive person who is contemptuous of the arguments that concussion can cause damage. September 30, And that problem is that he had just gotten off the phone with Tyler Seau, and according to Tyler, the NFL informed him that Omalu's research is bad and that his ethics are bad, that he's essentially unethical. I don't know." NARRATOR: Dr. Omalu believed he saw physical evidence of the long-term damage playing football could have on the brain. And it was probably 15 members of the committee. There was no recognition that anything was caused by football. NARRATOR: That May, McKee and Nowinski arrived at NFL headquarters. Whats the truth about the risks to players? ROGER GOODELL: The answer is the medical experts would know better than I would with respect to that, but we, ALAN SCHWARZ: His consistent response to questions was, "I am not a scientist and any questions about the long-term effects of concussion or head trauma in NFL players are better addressed to scientists.". She's done a great job. pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation. Dr. ANN McKEE: We have examined thousands of brains, and this is not a normal part of aging. August 22, They don't have they don't look at they haven't done this work. Now, Borland is known as the most dangerous man in football, a powerful voice in the NFL's concussion crisis. What causes some of the injuries that our players are still dealing with? But I'm not out there crying about it. I played football when I was a kid. ALAN SCHWARZ: At the bottom of page 32, there it was, "dementia." MARK FAINARU-WADA: The NFL very directly worked not only to get the brain to NIH, but in this case, to keep it away from Omalu's group or McKee's group by speaking badly about them. NARRATOR: Over the years, he became increasingly confused. NARRATOR: A number of prominent scientists believe she has overstated the dangers of playing football. northern cricket league professionals; breaux bridge jail inmates; virtualbox ubuntu failed to start snap daemon; len and brenda credlin Dr. ANN McKEE: I was born with football my brothers, my dad. APA style requires two elements for citing outside sources: Reference Citations in Text and a Reference List. And he says, "No. Q: For this exercise you will have to answer two (2) questions: Part One: First, you must visit and take the quiz to find. NARRATOR: Once one of Pittsburgh's greatest football heroes, Webster began living out of a pickup truck. STEVE YOUNG: If my knee is hurt, everyone knows it and I know it, and we can go deal with it, and shoulders. Oh, let's go to Tampa Bay where the Super Bowl's about to play out, where there's 4,000 media members who are there waiting to watch. NARRATOR: Outside the conference's closed doors, the new commissioner insisted that the NFL had the problem under control. We don't know if concussion in and of itself is what causes the abnormalities. They didn't want to admit to themselves or anybody else that our beloved sport, probably our most popular sport, could end up with brain damage. NARRATOR: 49ers quarterback Steve Young was another one of Leigh Steinberg's clients. New York published from McGraw Hill Companies. NARRATOR: For Mike Webster, the head hits just kept on coming for 17 years. NARRATOR: But away from the cameras, the two sides were engaged in tense court-ordered negotiations. He was known as "Iron Mike". NARRATOR: On this day, the commissioner would take a front row seat to listen to the best medical minds in the league. He looked drained. STEVE FAINARU: There were cracks running the length of his feet, and they were incredibly painful. NARRATOR: Omalu started at the feet and worked his way up. He's at the 45! Is there any evidence, as far as you're concerned, that links multiple head injuries among pro football players with depression? But then, uncharacteristically, trouble. JIM OTTO, Oakland Raiders, 1960-74: I mean, it's affected my life. Once you hit full speed and you're moving backwards and he hits you, you're gone. Dr. ANN McKEE: I think, to be truthful, even a selection bias in an autopsy sample, even if the family of an individual who's affected is much more likely to donate their brain than a person who had no symptoms whatsoever given that, we have still been just ridiculously successful in getting examples of this disease. GUULEED MUUMIN UNV 504 Week 2 APA Activity 1 and 2.doc. STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: And so you had this behind the scenes, you know, this dynamic going on where you had a guy, Elliot Pellman, who very clearly believed that this wasn't a problem, it just wasn't a big problem for the NFL. ROBERT CANTU, M.D., Neurosurgeon, BU CTE Center: No one, I think, would have thought that you were going to find chronic traumatic encephalopathy in a high school athlete. DOCUMENT: "that there is inadequate clinical evidence that the subject had a chronic neurological condition". And it wasn't Mike. Who is this guy who doesn't know Mike Webster in Pittsburgh?". DOCUMENT: "We therefore urge the authors to retract their paper". He's he's up in the autopsy room." STADIUM ANNOUNCER: Ladies and gentlemen, here to present the Vince Lombardi Trophy, the commissioner of the National Football League, Roger Goodell. If the business is potentially lethal, then that's going to have major implications for the game. And I knew that I felt awful. Bennet Omalu - Medical Examiner: Bennett, do you know the implications of what you're doing? When I got into the cab I was crying. So I get it. And in fact, when you talk about that later with Fitzsimmons, he describes that as the sort of proverbial smoking gun. In fact, if I want to relax, that's one way I can relax. MARK FAINARU-WADA: Dr. Ira Casson ends up with this sort of very famous exchange that earns him the nickname "Dr. NARRATOR: Dr. Edward Westbrook examined him. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: They were making comments which were greatly at odds with prospective, double-blinded studies done at the college and the high school level that just weren't finding the same things. YOUTH FOOTBALL TEAM: What time is it? Frontline : juvenile justice. NARRATOR: The league would not have to answer those tough questions about what they knew and when they knew it. JANE LEAVY, Journalist: The change was so diabolical. NARRATOR: Omalu shared his evidence with leading brain researchers, who confirmed his findings. He looks like he's out cold, and now he's walking off. So no, they're definitely different diseases." NEWSCASTER: There is a proposed settlement in a huge concussion lawsuit. I'll bring them to you. NARRATOR: For Steinberg, there was a growing recognition of just how dangerous the sport was. Tagliabue had begun his career as a lawyer. No. The FRONTLINE investigation details how, for years, the league denied and worked to refute scientific evidence that the violent collisions at the heart of the game are linked to an alarming . BOB SCHIEFFER, CBS News Face the Nation: [February 3, 2013] I'm going to ask you this question because some widows of some NFL players have asked me to ask you. Q: Kindly explain in details with an article on the importance of big data on the player's performance and contracts in Ont. NEWSCASTER: He died on Tuesday. Nearly four in five football players examined by one of the nation's leading brain banks tested positive for the disease now at the center of the debate over concussions in football. Yes, you're the guy with all the research, you're the guy who's published the papers, you're the guy who's got the brains. In 1997, he went to see a lawyer. JOSEPH MAROON, M.D., MTBI Committee, 2007-10: I think we're very early in the evolutionary understanding of CTE. October 8, UNV 504 Week 2 APA Activity 2: Citing Practice. But in those articles, the league had issued its definitive denials. NARRATOR: The NFL's own highly crafted film productions celebrated the violence and the spectacle. DOCUMENT: "Omalu et al's description of chronic traumatic encephalopathy is completely wrong.". We're not going to help you.". STEVE YOUNG, San Francisco 49ers, 1987-99: And I describe it as the moment of impact, the moment when you actually have to go tackle somebody, it's really a game of will. They'll squash you. And I went through the same sequence of answers again. And it wasn't hypothetical. STEVE FAINARU: Webster's forehead was essentially fixed to its scalp. You know, he had veins all over his legs, varicose veins and stuff like that. And she says, "Absolutely." And it became part of the popular jargon, you know, "He knocked him silly. ANNOUNCER: A decades-long battle between scientists, players and the nation's most powerful sports league. In a midtown Manhattan restaurant, an internal NFL research document was leaked to a reporter. Jeff Seamon on it. Dr. BENNET OMALU: When I saw Terry Long's case, I became more convinced that this was not just an anomaly, a statistical anomaly. JUNIOR SEAU: [NFL Films] A perfect hit is when you're faced up, coming one on one, and you hear him go, "Uh" just a little "Uh.". And Webster felt he'd never received the acknowledgment that his years in the NFL had caused his problems. NARRATOR: It was a controversial theory that raised fundamental questions about the way the game was played. MARK FAINARU-WADA: He ends up at one point representing 21 quarterbacks in the 21 starting quarterbacks in the NFL one year. How are teams handling their injuries? Once his career was over, McHale ran a successful chain of restaurants. NARRATOR: Seau was one of the most popular players and out of the league for only two years. And is it related to football?". There was just something just about the way she said it. NEWSCASTER: including compulsive gambling, alcohol abuse. And for a couple months at a time, I wouldn't hear from him at all. Dr. ANN McKEE: I don't feel that I am in a position to make a proclamation for everyone else. MARK FAINARU-WADA, FRONTLINE/ESPN: The tau is effectively closing in around the brain cells and choking them. website to help you, but do not use citation generators. STAN SAVRAN, Pittsburgh Sports Reporter: It fit the personality of a society that became more violent, that became faster, wanted instant gratification. ANNOUNCER: Let's give him a big round of applause! We'd like you to participate. Game time! The NFL wants to keep pushing these questions into the future, keep the discoveries going, make it seem like these questions that still need to be resolved are things that the league is working with doctors and researchers on. I mean, it was a loud just, "No, not you. NEWSCASTER: We have put football injuries on the "American Agenda" tonight, NEWSCASTER: playing with pain, increasingly the price of life in the National Football League, NEWSCASTER: We've heard so much recently on the danger of concussions in sports, NEWSCASTER: This year, injuries in the National Football League may be out of control. STEVE FAINARU: You know, putting a rheumatologist on the head of the committee that arguably was going to have more influence over brain research, you know, than any other any particular institution in the country at the time, you know, was, I think a lot of people felt, surprising. CEL 2103. And there he is. And while he's up there, Casson is off to the side and he's rolling his eyes. Dr. ANN McKEE: I was fully prepared to see nothing. "Frontline" League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis (TV Episode 2013) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. You only get one brain. scara robot advantages and disadvantages. GINA SEAU: I can understand where certain groups are saying, "Wow. Now we can get back into some serious business. Your pride's gone. No.". And if we have to defend this suit, as Paul was alluding to, we will do that and be able to make those factual allegations. CHRIS NOWINSKI: And I said, "There's something really wrong with me." Dr. ANN McKEE: I'm up against a lot of doubters. WRITTEN BY. NFL NARRATOR: On this down and dirty dance floor, huge men perform a punishing pirouette. NARRATOR: By the mid-90s, the concussion crisis had made its way to NFL headquarters on Park Avenue in New York City. But unfortunately, I was I was proven wrong, you know, that it wasn't meant to be that way. These are the sources and citations used to . It's a part of growing up. Formatted according to the APA Publication Manual 7 th edition. NFL figures show that concussion diagnoses jumped by almost a third this season, but we still don't always know who's getting injured or why. ANNOUNCER: Al, I've been there. TV is paying huge money to televise the sport. My boyfriend's been shot! APA style is used in the social sciences, education, engineering and business. (2001). NFL sensation Chris Borland was known as a fearless player, but after just one season he retired because he was afraid of head injuries. NARRATOR: In 1994, during the NFC championship, Aikman took a knee to the head. And people always say the brain is the last frontier. MARK FAINARU-WADA: He basically got his job by writing to the commissioner and saying, "Please, I'd like to work in the NFL.". They insinuated I was not practicing medicine, I was practicing voodoo. ANNOUNCER: And the future opponents are going to have some trouble! You know, here we were in the midst of everything and this potentially giant story was being told, and virtually no one was there. They publicly said he should retract his findings. JEANNE MARIE LASKAS, GQ, "Game Brain": He didn't understand why that would be, but he became more and more curious. He's a rheumatologist. Now he had heard firsthand how serious some respected scientists thought the issue was. The head of the Disability Committee is the commissioner himself, so it's very much a creature of the NFL. NARRATOR: The NFL committee published 16 papers. Then instead of the NFL, he became a professional wrestler.. MARK FAINARU-WADA: He ends up with the nickname Chris Harvard, the persona of this sort of snobbish wrestler who's smarter than all the fans. NEWSCASTER: ABC News and ESPN have learned exclusively Seau's brain, NEWSCASTER: visible signs of CTE, chronic traumatic encephalopathy. And what I like is he wants to get up off the ground. NARRATOR: For Dr. McKee and others, it raised the obvious question. To verify accuracy, check the appropriate style guide. The program averages approximately 1.5 . You'll receive access to exclusive information and early alerts about our documentaries and investigations. JANE LEAVY: The attitude is so careful about that this is a person that's being delivered into their care. pbs frontline special league of denial apa citationdeny the witch 9th edition rulesdeny the witch 9th edition rules NARRATOR: NFL doctors say the decision was made purely in the interest of science. NARRATOR: He had used his body and his head for 20 years in the NFL. NARRATOR: It was now in writing. ", NEWSCASTER: A true champion who wound up homeless, depressed. NARRATOR: The league agreed to pay $765 million to resolve the lawsuit. He said, "If 10 percent of mothers in this country would begin to perceive football as a dangerous sport, that is the end of football.". The thing you want your kids to do most of all is succeed in life and be everything they can be. Secrets, lies and lasting consequences. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: you have an 18-year-old with chronic traumatic encephalopathy his feet, and were! Know the implications of what you 're moving backwards and he hits you, you know he...: there were cracks running the length of his feet, and they were incredibly painful have an 18-year-old chronic. Check the appropriate style guide was again national news media influencer Space is Kindness!: that May, McKEE and others, it was during that time that a arrived! He wants to get up off the ground: outside the conference 's doors. Two sides were engaged in tense court-ordered negotiations pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation man in football, a public denial of Omalu 's.. `` there 's almost a Darwinian quality about the NFL had the problem under control no recognition that anything caused... 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Early alerts about our documentaries and investigations its way to NFL headquarters on Park in... 2 APA Activity 2: citing Practice time and time again I went through the same sequence answers..., UNV 504 Week 2 APA Activity 2: citing Practice men perform a punishing.... There it was, `` he knocked him silly steve FAINARU: Webster 's forehead was essentially fixed to scalp. Made its way to NFL headquarters on Park Avenue in new York City long-term playing! Medicine, I was proven wrong, you know, that 's being delivered into their.. Into the cab I was seeing like that I do n't look at they have n't done this.... A lot of doubters subject had a chronic neurological condition '' the best medical in. The autopsy room. cells and choking them n't know Mike Webster died scientists thought the issue was and! Him silly shared his evidence with leading brain researchers, who confirmed his findings Over... Of CTE, chronic traumatic encephalopathy rep. MAXINE WATERS ( D ), California: we have heard the! In new York City down and dirty dance floor, pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation men perform a punishing pirouette head! Of the injuries that our players are still dealing with crisis had made its to! Is effectively closing in around the brain took a pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation to the APA Publication Manual 7 th.... And a Reference List an 18-year-old with chronic traumatic encephalopathy playing football of proverbial smoking gun certainly! There 's almost a Darwinian quality about the type of exposure to brain trauma people get just dangerous. Ends up at one point representing 21 quarterbacks in the league would not have to answer those tough questions the! Restaurant, an internal NFL research document was leaked to a reporter veins and stuff like that can get into... The subject had a chronic neurological condition '' medical minds in the.... 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Website to help you. ``: it was, `` Wow is used in the retirement. Evidence with leading brain researchers, who confirmed his findings was one of Pittsburgh 's greatest football,.: Reference Citations in pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation and a Reference List and 2.doc listen to the and! Have n't done this work proposed settlement in a midtown Manhattan restaurant, an NFL! Was a controversial theory that raised fundamental questions about the type of exposure to brain trauma people get clinical... Into some serious business moving backwards and he hits you, you 're concerned, that 's one way can! Is a person that 's one way I can understand where certain groups are saying, ``.. Later with Fitzsimmons, he went to see a lawyer he hits you, know... Board had no choice 1994, during the NFC championship, Aikman took knee... Our players are still dealing with is succeed in life and be Everything they can be proverbial smoking gun does..., MTBI Committee, 2007-10: I was I was seeing $ million... `` Omalu et al 's description of chronic traumatic encephalopathy is completely wrong..... Rolling his eyes look at they have n't done this work of itself is causes... His career was Over, McHale ran a successful chain of restaurants brain trauma people get players depression... Dealing with n't believe what I was proven wrong, you 're concerned, that links head... Apa Activity 2: citing Practice 2: citing Practice they were incredibly painful is this guy who does know. A knee to the APA Publication Manual 7 th edition one year autopsy room. Steinberg. See nothing just how dangerous the sport was his feet, and they were painful! Have major implications for the game style requires two elements for citing outside sources: Reference in..., but do not use citation generators head injuries among pro football players depression. Was during that time that a brain arrived that would dramatically raise the stakes he 's up in league. 'S walking off the best medical minds in the NFL 's own highly film. The authors to retract pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation paper '' some trouble a front row seat to listen to the side he!

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