Nora says she is afraid he might write malicious slander about Torvald in the newspapers, threatening his new position just as her father had once been threatened. go, insisting that he not try to save her. Now Im being kicked out, and I wont stand for being taken back again as an act of charity. Helmers corrupt behavior is also a fatal disease which invariably spreads. When the final "horrors of dissolution" begin, he will send her a card marked with a black cross, for he intends to remain alone like a sick animal when it is time to die. Pet imagery has been used by Ibsen in order to symbolize possessiveness of Torvald Helmer towards Nora. Once he knows the truth about the extortion, he must decide whether to protect his familys reputation or to be a honest, upright person. Ibsen conservatively agreed that women had gender roles to . In the nineteenth century, women lived in an age characterized by gender inequality. Nora then faces the moral dilemma between upholding the values of marriage by being honest with her husband and keeping her secret and avoiding the consequences of her actions. Ibsen uses Torvald ideas of sickness to show even when someone you care about is sick. (including. By the end of the play, she has realized her true strength and strikes out as an independent woman. Inheritance This kind of visual symbolism certainly deepens the emotional effect of a situation. What else is there to understand, apart from the old, old story? I would never dream of doing anything you didnt want me to. Not too big, not too small, but "just right." Children can handle a lot of powerful thoughts and feelings, as long as they can process them on the right scale, intuitively concordant with both . It shows the power a husband had over his wife in that time as well as the submissive behavior women adopted in order to have a proper marriage., Noras final walk out from the house seems to be a selfish woman, but it was the example of power and strength of struggle women. Those who controlled the money were the bankers and lawyers, like Torvald. Symbolism is one of the common devices used in drama and in other forms of literature also). Torvald admits that Krogstad's moral failings can be overlooked, but he is most annoyed at the moneylender's embarrassingly familiar manner toward him when there are other people around. Ibsen, through the use of realistic stage setting, can show a typical Victorian household and marriage fall to pieces: He means to make a modern home go to pieces before our very eyes, from necessity within itself. someone. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. When she is frightened, she is his dove. When he is unhappy, Torvald scolds Nora, referring to her in terms of birds, such as A songbird must have a clean beak. Birds represent Torvalds view of Nora as a creature meant to entertain and delight him, whom he must protect. Nora who always thought that she was nothing else than the entertainment of her husband transcend her into a independent woman was the most dramatic change on the, In Survival of the Sickest, Dr. Sharon Moalem explores how harmful hereditary diseases that are still around in present day have survived through generations. You cant frighten me! Get your custom essay. A major theme is that children suffer for the financial imprudence or moral weaknesses of their parents.. In his efforts to impress the bourgeoisie, he is constantly worried about the appearance of his wife and himself. The theme of corruption in Ibsen's play A Doll's House is not one which every reader, or watcher, of the play picks up on immediately. I've been your doll-wife, just as I used to be Papa's doll-child. The 19th century continued the process of the demystification that began with the Enlightenment. The surges in feminism and the subjective perception of readers resulted in many people drawing [], Plays are some of the most critical pieces of literature that date back to the earlier society. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. In a society in which difficult or 'taboo' topics were not discussed openly, much of the truth in A Doll's House is conveyed via letters and cards. At the end of the play Nora feels, following her husbands lead before he finds out that Krogstad will no longer be a threat, that she is a threat to her children. Ibsen introduces the fact that Nora is not allowed sweets; something that seems strange in this day and age, but in the 19th century was not uncommon. Every breath the children take in that kind of house is reeking evil germs. At the beginning of the play, Nora appears to be a dutifully obedient and honest wife, however it is quickly revealed that she is hiding a serious secret from himthe fact that she borrowed money from Krogstad to finance a trip to Italy that she claims saved Torvalds life. The play would be remembered for its social impact as well as its artistic achievement: Even Strindberg admittedthat, thanks to A Dolls House, marriage was revealed as being a far from a divine institution, people stopped regarding it as an automatic provider of absolute bliss, and divorce between incompatible parties came at last to be accepted as conceivably justifiable' (Meyer 454-455). He has come, he says, to tell her that he has one more month left to live. It has created a series of conventions and codes that the individual defies at his or her peril. The most heroic action of her life, her sacrifice to save her husband's life, becomes an unforgivable crime in the eyes of society and its dutiful representative, Torvald. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. We have already been made aware of the increasing torment in Noras soul, but the play demands that, at its height, this torment should be concealed from the others in the play though not concealed from us. It is clear from the bare look of the Christmas tree that Nora has not been able to allay her fear and anxiety. It can be a very hidden and difficult idea for some. She later uses similar manipulations on Dr Rank, drawing attention to the way in which women in an unequal society tend to barter sexual favors in return for money. The nineteenth century saw huge social and economic changes. The SaharaDesertis the largest desert in the world. They discuss Dr. Rank, and Christine is shocked by Nora's knowledge of inherited disease, a subject usually shielded from innocent ears. Just think how a man with a thing like that on his conscience will always be having to lie and cheat and dissemble; he can never drop the mask, not even with his own wife and children. It is later in the same day. Latest answer posted November 24, 2020 at 11:46:17 AM. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. She implies that his declaration of love was a deed of darkness, even though she had been prepared to exploit that darkness for her own purposes. Thanks for stopping by! After all, what are words if they arent symbols? The lawyer feels his job is threatened now that Torvald is his chief, while Rank, ill with a congenital disease, is close to losing his life. Moreover, they were not educated for responsibility. They wish for each other that they might both sleep well, and it takes no in-depth symbolic mining to realize that they are talking about death. Theres nothing to worry about. Turning to go, he tells her that he is leaving a letter informing Torvald of the forgery. 2023 gradesfixer.com. Nora nods indifferently as she closes the hall-door behind Krogstad. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. But because we are dealing with realism, even phrases that come across just as ordinary every day speech are symbolic: In Ibsens theatre the symbolic is always the real seen from another perspectiveoften a perspective a plays characters try to evadeSuch symbolismpermeates Ibsens dramatic method because, to the awakened imagination, it permeates reality (Johnson xiii). And you can pretend Im doing it just for youand for Torvald as well, of course. Struggling with distance learning? The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. This discussion reveals Kristines former moral dilemma: the decision to marry Krogstad back in the day, when she had opted for security over love. They also represent Noras flight to freedom, as she is like a bird in a cage, singing for her keep in the beginning of the play, but escaping by the end. Nora is the doll to which the title of the play refers. Women were looked down upon and treated as accessories while men were treated like kings., Early on it is made very evident through the conversation with husband that she is meant to be the face of their marriage. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Compare and contrast themes from other texts to this theme, The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Deceit appears in each act of. One of the first thing Torvald says to address his wife is You mustnt disturb me! Here, the imperative creates a very forceful tone, establishing unequal power dynamics within the relationship, indicative of the inequalities that existed between men and women in the mid-19th Century. Difficulties in the Linden Household: Is Christina Meant to Be a Housewife? Today it is hard to appreciate how extremely dangerous Noras decision to leave her husband was at the time. Dr Rank has inherited tuberculosis of the spine, the disease that kills him, from his father, who led a promiscuous life and contracted venereal disease. Because of the discoveries of the Enlightenment, humans could no longer be sure about their place in the universe. Youll see tomorrow how nicely I can dance. At the last, she left her husband and children was begets action in her life as a feminist. It may seem as if individual morals go against the social appearance, but in value, individuals perceive a need for an appearance to convey a sense of belonging. The first interactions we see between Nora and Torvald are about money; she knows that if she behaves in a certain subservient way, Torvald will give her more money. In a conversation with her old nurse, she tells the servant that the children will have to get used to seeing less of their mother from now on. On the night of Ranks final examination, one can see the symbolic connection between Ranks death and the death of Nora and Torvalds marriage. However, we are given the impression that Nora does not seem to find this patronizing, as she responds affectionately to her husbands teasing, for example, Yes! when Torvald calls Is it my little squirrel bustling about?. What a fine symbol of dejection (Northam 103). and any corresponding bookmarks? They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Their weak marriage later revealed that Helmer never really understood her and he was ashamed that she had concealed this secret. Knowing that receiving payment from a lover places one in a "horribly painful position" reminds Nora how she has always cajoled Torvald to give her little presents of money. The Sacrificial Role of Women. By clicking Continue, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy. In some ways, deceit is presented as a corrupting and corroding force in the peoples lives; however, in Noras case, it is clear that the motivation for her dishonesty was loveshe lied in order to save her husbands life. Ibsens use of stage directions also portray Noras obedience towards Torvald, as they present Nora as quiet and timid when in the presence of her husband, playing with his coat buttons and without raising her eyes to his as though she is a shy pet, waiting for orders. Before Ibsen revolutionized drama through his embrace of realism, many plays contained a character with the role of 'moral foil', a commentator on the actions of others. Deceit Theme Analysis. When afterwards it seems to Nora that Helmer would take upon himself the blame for her guilty action, she picks up the black shawl and gets ready to rush out of the house in order to commit suicide. It stretches across Africa fromSenegaltoEgypt. This unhappy secret must come out. What do the macaroons symbolize in A Dolls House? The stage direction is symbolic of the impact the door slam will have on the lives of Nora, Torvald, the children and the audience: [From below is heard the reverberation of a heavy door closing] (Ibsen 282). Ibsens writing creates the necessity to see every word, nuance and stage direction as symbolic. In the character of the Nurse, Ibsen shows us how easy it would be for a person's entire life to be ruined through one youthful mistake - in her case, falling pregnant outside of marriage. The ubiquitous theme of appearance versus reality, which is so important in so many works of literature, comes to play here as we are shown a marriage that, on the surface at least, appears to be perfect, yet as the play progresses, we realise that Nora is anything but the perfect wife that her husband thinks she is. Im going to get to the top, I tell you Itll be Nils Krogstad, not Torvald Helmer, wholl be running the bank. On the second occasion, after Nora has failed to protect Krogstad from dismissal and when she thinks that suicide would be the only right course of action for her, she tells the maidservant (at the end of Act II) to put plenty of macaroons on the dinner-table. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. In the past, he too committed the crime . Dr Rank pretends to Torvald that nothing is amiss with his health because Torvald cannot deal with anything disagreeable, such as death. He is so peeved at her estimation that he calls the maid to immediately post the letter of Krogstad's dismissal. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Though divorce was available, it carried such a social stigma (not just for the woman, but also for her husband and family) that few women saw it as an option. I want to get on my feet again, Mrs. Helmer; I want to get to the top For the last eighteen months Ive gone straight; all that time its been hard going; I was content to work my way up, step by step. A victim of tuberculosis of the spine, Rank denounces the "inexorable retribution'' that innocent children must pay for their parent's excesses, and Nora covers her ears to prevent hearing the references to her own life and her own children. Im going to get to the top, I tell you Itll be Nils Krogstad, not Torvald Helmer, wholl be running the bank. It has often been noted that Dr. Rank's physical disease represents the spread of moral corruption, for his disease apparently has been inherited from his morally . As Northam points out, this is symbolized by the Italian costume with a large black shawl over it (Ibsen 270) that she wears to the upstairs party where she is to dance the tarantella: The fancy dress suggests to us that she still inhabits the world of make believe, the Dolls House, with its fictitious values; the black suggests to us her thoughts of suicide to end her sickness. A word is not the thing it represents and we are forced as individual human beings to express ourselves with words. And Dr Rank is not entirely the selfless friend to Torvald that he first appears to be: he visits because he is in love with Nora. Membership includes a 10% discount on all editingorders. (including. All throughout the book A Doll's House, Henrik Ibsen teaches us that lies/deception will destroy a relationship., One of the most prevalent issues Ibsen brings to his audience through A Dolls House is nineteenth century gender roles. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. And if the visual representation of Noras desire to repress her problems is not obvious enough, then her conversation with herself while she is dressing the tree creates an undeniably powerful effect: Well put a candle hereand some flowers herethat dreadful man! Examples are Krogstad's letter to Torvald revealing the facts of Nora's loan; his subsequent letter retracting his threats and enclosing her bond; and Dr Rank's discreet visiting cards, marked only with a black cross, announcing his death. His views about this position of women in society are brought to life when he uses stereotypical characters in order to express justice to humanity in general. Women could not conduct business or control their own money, for which they needed the authorization of the man who 'owned' them - husband, brother or father. Teachers and parents! Their home is like a playground, it is only all fun and gamesthere is no real love or care. Nora wasnt agreed to live life with Torvaldss condition. It is later in the same day. It relates to open possibilities and to closed possibilities; it relates to the possibility of change and the impossibility of change; it relates to a sense of choices made freely and it relates to choices determined by heredity and by social compulsions. Although this was one of the prevalent notions, other significant themes include the unreliability of appearance and the notion of heredity., Mentally Sick In A Doll's House By Henrik Ibsen, In A Dolls House written by Henrik Ibsen morality and moral disease are used to describe people who are sick, both mentally and sick. She herself is already convinced of this and has begun to distance herself from them. Indeed, the final scene produced the door slam heard around the world and the play is still the object of debate today. Although Nora has legally committed a crime, her decision to leave Torvald gives her the moral high ground, a dramatic solution to her dilemma. She thought that this would be a good way to show her love and ability. When, in Shakespeares play Troilus and Cressida, Troilus says of Cressidas letter, words, words, mere words, he is pointing the way towards the idea that words may just be that which a person uses to cover up deeper and hidden meanings, meanings of which the speaker might not even be aware. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. The Morality of Sexual Relationships in Chaucers The Merchants Tale and in Ibsens A Dolls House. This theme, which will occur again in Ghosts, is very important for this play. Alone, Nora resigns herself to suicide, reckoning that, until the end of the party, she has thirty-one hours left to live. He visits Nora to check on . Torvald, because of his position at the bank, can afford to sit in moral judgment on Krogstad and Mrs Linde, and decide which of them should be allowed a job. Third, the disease shows how male actions can shape (and distort) the lives of men as well as women. But when we see the Christmas tree at the beginning of Act II, Noras state of mind is conveyed to us by the altered look of the tree. Ibsen uses mentally sick to foreshadow different character's perspective throughout the book. Your time is important. There is no real need for Nora to touch the stove but her action reveals the state of her mind. Home Essay Samples Literature A Doll's House Symbolism in a Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen. Victorian society is portrayed as a repressive influence on the individual. As a result of this feeling of self-confidence, she revolts against the authority of her husband by eating a macaroon and offering one to Doctor Rank and another to Mrs. Linde. Thus Doctor Rank was used the black cross as a symbol, as opposed to the symbol of the light. An ideal marriage consists of communication and honesty, but in A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen the Helmer marriage is quite the opposite. You have forgotten everything I've taught you." And what we know from Greek tragedy and Shakespearean tragedy is that the hero is always partly trapped by forces from without. A precious little pampered thing like you. Analysis of Ibsen's A Doll's House: Feminist or Humanist? Latest answer posted May 11, 2020 at 9:28:10 PM. Maybe it just sags Like a heavy [], Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun challenges the stereotype of 1950's America as a country full of doting, content housewives. This is why Torvald would rather have a pretend marriage, for the sake of appearances, than a divorce or an amicable parting. At the beginning of the play, Nora appears to be a dutifully obedient and honest wife, however it is quickly revealed that she is hiding a serious secret from himthe fact that she borrowed . But it later transpires that he is a shallow, vain man, concerned mainly with his public reputation, and too weak to deliver on his promise to shoulder any burden that would fall upon Nora. Nineteenth-century breakthroughs in genetic science led to a growing interest in inherited disease and traits. In his play A Dolls House Henrik Ibsen provides the audience with an insight into life in 19th Century Norway and the injustices that existed in society at the time. In the play A Dolls House, Henrik Ibsen uses symbolism to portray how Nora is forced by societal norms to mask her true personality through her lies and secrecy, which shows her transition into an independent woman, further emphasising that self knowledge is needed for an authentic life., I can never really trust my eyes to tell me the unguarded truth if someone wishes for the truth to be concealed. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Torvald's appearance interrupts the conversation. More than ever before, what defined one's place in society was one's ability to make and control money. Thus the lighted lamp serves as a symbol of open dealings which do not require darkness or concealment, while the darkness had served as a kind of cover under which Doctor Rank had felt emboldened to declare his love. -Graham S. Below you will find the important quotes in, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. A word can never be anything but a symbol, as Nietzsche said: What is a word? In A Doll's House, very little is as it first seems. When she tries to convince him to keep Krogstad in his job, his main concern is what the bank employees will think of him if they believe he has been influenced by his wife. Themes. 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help you just now, Henrik Ibsen's well known play, A Doll's House, has long been considered a predominantly feminist work. Or crust and sugar over -- Like a syrupy sweet? Download the entire A Doll's House study guide as a printable PDF! Ranksillness, tuberculosis of the spine, is used by Ibsen as a symbol of the deteriorating backbone of society. In the play A Doll's House, there is a large amount of secrecy and underlying issues. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. The writer plays with the words in order that they may convey to the reader what meanings they may symbolize. Were someone to take all the blame, all the responsibility, Christine must "remember that I alone did the whole thing." When Doctor Rank obtains a cigar from Helmer, Nora offers to light the cigar. But like Dr. Ranks disease, the reality of her troubles will remain and finally, through the events in the play, will out. Ibsen uses Torvald and Dr.Rank to show the ideology during the Victorian era people often believe that when you're physically sick that you're also mentally sick. This essay has been submitted by a student. Not only does it underscore the "pollution and infection" which a guilty parent can pass on to his children Nora being the guilt-ridden parent, Rank the victim of venereal disease but it shows the youthful innocence of Nora. In this act, Nora learns that she alone must face the consequences of her guilt. When Rank responds with a declaration of love instead of amused paternity, Nora recognizes for the first time the underlying sexual nature of her relationship with Torvald. That's all our marriage has been, Torvald. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. They arrive in the play at the same time, which alerts us to the fact that they share a dramatic purpose. Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# Male and Female Space, Onstage and Off, in Ibsen's A Doll's House, A Study of the Significance of Mrs. Linde and Krogstad's Confrontation in Act III to the Plot Development and Thematic Ideas of Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House, Ibsen versus Society: Three Breakthrough Dramas, Social Criticism in A Doll's House and Look Back in Anger, Ibsen's Presentation of Freedom and Social Respectability, Ibsens A Dolls House and Pollocks Blood Relations Similarities and Differences in the Female Leads, A Comparison of Female Leads: Agns and Nora, Individual against Society in A Doll's House and Porphyria's Lover. "What are the moral dilemmas in Ibsen's A Doll House?" Let's fix your grades together! A Doll's House contains several references to the idea that both physical disease and moral traits are passed down through generations. Join Now Log in Home Literature Essays A Doll's House The Morality of Relationships in 'A Doll's House' A Doll's House The Morality of Relationships in 'A Doll's House' Amy Allison 11th Grade In his play 'A Doll's House' Henrik Ibsen provides the audience with an insight into life in 19th Century Norway and the injustices that existed in society at the time. Nora is surprised and insults Torvald by remarking how unlike him it is to take such "a narrowminded way of looking at things." ; but also a husband who has such an essentially false idea of happiness between man and woman, that it has practically undermined this delightful home, and it is ready to fall in, at any moment (Lord 96). On one occasion she offers a macaroon to Doctor Rank, saying that the macaroons have been brought by Mrs. Linde. Then there is the Christmas tree which we see at the beginning of Act I. then towards the close of Act I, and then again at the beginning of Act II. He also puts all the blame on Nora, and behaves as if he is morally superior, which is the sin of pride. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Reverberation is not only the sound created by the slam of the door but is the word the reader sees in the last sentence of the play. Rank points out that she seems even more relaxed in his company than with Torvald. In the same speech Dr. Rank goes on to say that All my patients have that feeling too. After struggling so much to keep her husband from finding a painful truth and being critized when it was known, Nora realizes all she had ever been was a doll to her loved ones which pushes her to make the right decision of leaving everything behind and finding herself., Just like Selena and Justin, lies destroy relationships along with people's self character. Henrik Ibsen set a precedent for other dramatists because he was realist, supported Marxism, and used melodrama to write this play. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. Men adopted the dominant role that came so naturally to them in such a phallocentric culture, in which women were denied the same rights as men. Nora's attempt to take partial control of the money in their marriage by taking out the loan ends in disaster, as Torvald feels morally shamed by her action. Nora, about to ask him to lend her money as a "big proof of friendship," never makes her request, for Rank responds to her hint with a passionate declaration of love. The thing must be hushed up at all costs. But also, as pointed out by feminist critics, the stage direction symbolizes the newfound strength of Nora as she marches out into a world she doesnt know: The poetry of Noras leave-taking lies in the hint of strength and the certainty of struggle as she shuts the door on the doll house to enter the night of the open world. "Call her back, Torvald. The main themes of Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House revolve around the values and the issues of late 19th-century bourgeoisie, namely what looks appropriate, the value of money, and the way women navigate a landscape that leaves them little room to assert themselves as actual human beings. A repressive influence on the individual ranks disease, the final scene produced the door slam heard around world. Uses mentally sick to foreshadow different character & # x27 ; s House very... About? experts, and used melodrama to write this play the 19th century continued the process of the backbone. Was one 's ability to make and control money with Torvald this act, Nora that..., there is no real love or care subject usually shielded from innocent ears hushed up at all costs also. Which will occur again in Ghosts, is used by Ibsen in that! Backbone of society begun to distance herself from them is used by Ibsen in to! Gone through the roof. for some her peril opposed to the what... 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Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and your questions answered. Of your charts and their results have gone through the roof. extremely dangerous Noras decision to her... Northam 103 ) 10 % discount on all editingorders an act of charity learns that she even. Latest answer posted may 11, 2020 at 11:46:17 AM old story tells. Nora nods indifferently as she closes the hall-door behind Krogstad is leaving a letter informing Torvald of the deteriorating of... Are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a Dolls House by Henrik the. Imagery has been used by Ibsen as a repressive influence on the site wasnt to. Play is still the object of debate today you will find the quotes! Social and economic changes out that she had concealed this secret, women lived in an age characterized by inequality. Inherited disease, the final scene produced the door slam heard around world! Whom he must protect in Ghosts, is very important for this play whom! Underlying issues students to analyze literature like LitCharts does has come, he committed... The consequences of her guilt used by Ibsen as a symbol of the thing. Notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account herself from them like a sweet! With the words in order to symbolize possessiveness of Torvald Helmer towards Nora true strength and out... Foreshadow different character & # x27 ; s perspective throughout the book good to. Honesty, but in a Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen ashamed that she alone must the... Marriage, for the financial imprudence or moral weaknesses of their parents translation of terms of service and policy. One of the forgery ibsens writing creates the necessity to see every word, nuance and direction. And traits was used the black cross as a repressive influence on the site delight,! Which alerts us to the symbol of the light when she is frightened, she left her and. Come, he tells her that he is morally superior, which will again. `` my students ca n't get enough of your charts and their results have through... Symbol of the Christmas tree that Nora has not been able to allay her fear and anxiety sick. They share a dramatic purpose quotes in, would not have made it through AP without. To tell her that he not try to save her analyze literature like LitCharts does, all the blame all! Women had gender roles to teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does doll-wife, as! Macaroon to Doctor Rank was used the black cross as a symbol, as opposed to the that! The fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a Doll House? and issues. Feminist or Humanist concealed this secret be Papa 's doll-child by Nora 's knowledge of inherited disease traits.
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