Marriage is proscribed between members of the same clan or with first or second cousins of different clans. A virgin who has not yet had her period takes care of him, cleans his house, and prepares his meals. Then the Dogon who has entered the contact repeats the ritual, asking the resident how his or her whole family is. Within the castes, marriage regulations are more permissive: even first-cousin marriages are permitted. In the early 1960s the Dogon population was 250,000more than a threefold increase over roughly a forty-year period from the census of 1921, which listed a population of 81,862. There are over 200 Dogon villages across the escarpment and each village has a democratically elected headman (Hogon), who is also their spiritual leader. This chief head is the oldest living son of the ancestor of the local branch of the family. I View the full answer Previous question Next question The development of tourism in the Dogon Country and the Hombori Mountains (Mali) . ." Land Tenure. It is obvious to any astronomer that some of the brightest objects in the night sky are the planets. The Dogon are best identified for their religious traditions, the mask dances, wooden The Dogon languages show few remnants of a unique noun class system, an example of which is that human nouns take a distinct plural suffix. WebDiscuss why you would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon culture. In this ceremony, offerings of millet from the hogon's fields, in conjunction with sacrifices by the Binu priest (binukedine ) on the Lebe altar of the ancestors, impart to the seed the spiritual essence or nyama that will contribute toward the community's assurance of an abundant harvest. WebThe social and cultural traditions of the Dogon are among the best preserved of sub-saharan Africa, despite certain important irreversible socio-economic mutations. The blind Dogon elder Ogotemmeli taught the main symbols of the Dogon religion to French anthropologist Marcel Griaule in October 1946. WebDogon or Tellem peoples (?) Les dogon. [44] They also claimed that the Dogon appeared to know of the rings of Saturn, and the moons of Jupiter. Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. [12] See also [ edit] Pangool Mand creation myth Samay (mythology) Zin (water spirits) Traditional African religion portal Mali portal References [ edit] Beierle, John "Dogon Signs of other contacts and origins are evident in Dogon art. "[52] In his book Sirius Matters, Noah Brosch postulates that the Dogon may have had contact with astronomers based in Dogon territory during a five-week expedition, led by Henri-Alexandre Deslandres, to study the solar eclipse of 16 April 1893. I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, about Petra Historic World Heritage Site Blasted By Flash Floods, about The Classical Gardens of Suzhou: A Sight to Behold, about Denizens of South Africas Cradle of Humankind: The First Walking Apes, about The Unfinished Timurid Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, about The Magnificent Citadel of Erbil - A True Archaeological Sandwich, about Kunta Kinteh - The African Island at the Heart of the Slave Trade. The blacksmith performs the circumcision. Masks used during the yincomoli ceremony include the Yana Gulay, Satimbe, Sirige, and Kanaga. The Dogon people with whom French anthropologists Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen worked during the 1930s and 1940s had a system of signs which ran into the thousands, including "their own systems of astronomy and calendrical measurements, methods of calculation and extensive anatomical and physiological knowledge, as well as a systematic pharmacopoeia". An enlarged family can count up to a hundred persons and is called guinna. The Dogon are a wonderful and unique culture. Among the interesting Dogon buildings are communal meeting houses for men (Togu Na) and the grinna, which are family homes. One of its most distinctive features is the hierarchical series of occupational "castes" or status groups consisting of iron- and leatherworkers, griots (lineage genealogists), musicians, poets, and sorcerers. The Dogon also plant and maintain a variety of useful trees such as date palms. Archaeological evidence indicates that the Dogon moved into the region of the Bandiagara escarpment in the fifteenth or sixteenth century, probably as a result of the breakup of the Mali Empire at the beginning of the fifteenth century. There are also two types of granaries - male granaries with a pointed roof is where seeds are stored, and female granaries (without points) are where the women of this society (who are economically independent from their husbands), store their personal belongings. Identification. According to this oral tradition, the first Dogon settlement was established in the extreme southwest of the escarpment at Kani-Na. To the southeast of the cliff, the sandy Sno-Gondo Plains are found, and northwest of the cliff are the Bandiagara Highlands. The Dogon also believe in various malevolent and benevolent spirits who populate the bush, trees, and uninhabited places. Starting in the northeastern part of Dogon territory, each village takes turns celebrating and hosting elaborate feasts, ceremonies, and festivities. Dogon society is organized by a patrilineal kinship system. Where diseases are considered to be supernaturally based or the result of sorcery, a healer-diviner is called in who determines the cause of the disease (through divination), then offers sacrifices, magical charms, and incantations to bring about a cure. [54] James Oberg, however, citing these suspicions notes their completely speculative nature, writing that, "The obviously advanced astronomical knowledge must have come from somewhere, but is it an ancient bequest or a modern graft? WebThe Hogan is treated much like a deity, the one of creation in this instance, and is free from having companionship but may have maids accompany him. On the other hand, private property goes first to the eldest son (who must provide for his siblings), then the younger brother. After being chosen, a hogon must pass through several months without washing or shaving. He is elected from among the oldest men of the dominant lineage of the village. All agree, however, that they learned about the star from Griaule. The ceremony originally honored the dead ancestors but is now for the living; it serves to halt the gradual cultural decline in Dogon society and to cleanse the community of its sins and bad feelings. Paulme, Denise (1940). There are three principal What is the origin of the legend of the Christed Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th? Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Themes found throughout Dogon sculpture consist of figures with raised arms, superimposed bearded figures, horsemen, stools with caryatids, women with children, figures covering their faces, women grinding pearl millet, women bearing vessels on their heads, donkeys bearing cups, musicians, dogs, quadruped-shaped troughs or benches, figures bending from the waist, mirror-images, aproned figures, and standing figures (Laude, 4652). Grain is stored in granaries. Hogon live alone and should be celibat The historical pattern included the murder of indigenous males by raiders and enslavement of women and children. 32, No. Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala, Aluxes: The Mischievous Little People of Maya Mythology, The Marriage of the Sky and the Sea: Visayan Creation Myths, Alleged Sighting of the Mythical Manananggal in the Philippines Causes Public Anxiety, The Irish Story and Legend of C Chulainn, New Evidence Shows Humans Were Using Bows and Arrows in 52,000 BC, 6 Advanced Ancient Inventions Beyond Modern Understanding. The Dogon religion was centered on this loss of twinness or androgyny. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. They speak the Dogon languages, which are considered to constitute an independent branch of the The horse, symbolizing power and wealth, is There is no indigenous political integration above the local (village) or district level. Each Dogon village, or enlarged family, is headed by one male elder. The Chilling Mystery of the Octavius Ghost Ship, What is a Wendigo? In addition to the biological mother who cares for the infant during the nursing period, the second wife, the father's mother and other women of the grandmother's generation, sisters of the father, friends of the wife, and older sisters of the child all serve as caretakers. In general, Dogon kinship terminology is characterized by a classificatory system of "vocatives," terms of reference based on politeness and respective age of the interlocutor, and a descriptive system expressed by "determinatives," by means of which a third person is apprised of the relationship that exists between the speaker and the individual addressed. This theme was fundamental to the Dogon religion. It seems likely that the Dogon people are an amalgamation of several groups who resisted Islamization. First marriages are generally arranged by parents; within certain limitations, those marrying for the second or third time are more free to choose their partners. Dogon sculptures are not made to be seen publicly, and are commonly hidden from the public eye within the houses of families, sanctuaries, or kept with the Hogon (Laude, 20). Each isolated village or district (canton) in the region has a headman or chief (hogon) who has both religious and judicial responsibilities. The hogon is always a man. Formed by a range of sandstone hills, the cliff has a distinctive geology and forms a natural redoubt which is somewhat isolated from the surrounding region as it is bookmarked between two mountains. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. "[24] The removal of the second sex and soul from humans is what the ritual of circumcision represents in the Dogon religion. WebThe Hogan performs a diverse array of political and social functions and is a master of trade and commerce. . The spread of Islam throughout Africa has brought about some degree of change in the basic religious orientation of the Dogon. [56], Oberg points out a number of errors contained in the Dogon beliefs, including the number of moons possessed by Jupiter, that Saturn was the furthest planet from the sun, and the only planet with rings. The degree of complexity of the ceremonies depends upon the age and status of the deceased male. Above the lineage is the much larger kin group called the clan, from which the various lineages emerge. Trade. 16-19th century. The principal ceremonies center around agriculture and death. WebThey have been identified with the hogon, the chief peacekeeper and supreme religious and political figure in Dogon society. WebThe Hogon is the spiritual and political leader of the village. Those fields that are not repurchased subsequently become individual property. ', This alludes to reports that the Dogon knew of another star in the Sirius system, mm Ya, or a star "larger than Sirius B but lighter and dim in magnitude". A cliff dwelling people, they inhabited the area for many centuries despite the hostility of the environment and were able to preserve their ancient lifestyle as they were protected from rivals by the long cliff of Bandiagara. Both sexes market, fish, and gather wild foods. A. 23 Feb. 2023 . As sacred leader of the Lebe cult he oversees the important planting and Another 10% practices Christianity. Since the twentieth century, there have been significant changes in the social organisation, material culture and beliefs of the Dogon, in part because Dogon country is one of Mali's major tourist attractions. Their metaphysical systemwhich categorizes physical objects,, Thus, for the Dogon the hogon, or spiritual leader, is not just a simple officiant but a sacred figure. Animals are kept more as a symbol of wealth and prestige than for economic necessity. Kado), a Fulbe word meaning "stranger" or "pagan.". But after this generation, human beings were usually born single. The concept of death and rebirth is also contained within Dogon mythology. Plains, escarpment, and plateau represent distinctive features in the region. "hogon | African religious leader | Britannica", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hogon&oldid=1122616271, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 November 2022, at 14:57. It is truly one of the most impressive regions in Sub-Saharan Africa . Whether on the high plateau, the cliff-faces, or on the plain, the Dogon have exploited all the elements available to build their villages that reflect their ingenuity and their philosophy of life and death. In certain cultural areas, the Dogon villages comprise numerous granaries, for the most part square with a thatched tapering roof. The binou, which is usually in animal form serves as a representation of the ancestor. During this time, new masks are carved and dedicated to their ancestors. The first occurs immediately after the death of a person, and the second can occur years after the death. The Dogon language is classified within the Voltaic (or Gur) Subfamily of the Niger-Congo Language Family. (2008). The danyim is held a couple of months later. [citation needed] Divorce is more common in polygynous marriages than in monogamous marriages. Pern, Stephen (1982). [22] They were primarily symbolized by the sun, which was a female symbol in the religion. After initiation, he wears a red cap, and a pearl bracelet. There are also areas of natural wonders, as well as regions of geological, archaeological, or historical significance. Nobody should touch the hogon. Inheritance. Boys are circumcised in age groups of three years, counting for example all boys between 9 and 12 years old. Universit de Paris, Travaux et Mmoires de l'Institut d'Ethnologie, 33. It is generally accepted that the Dogon language belongs to the NigerCongo language family, though the evidence is weak. The Iraqi city of Erbil is truly magnificent - and in many ways. A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire, New Moai Statue Found on Chiles Easter Island Excites Researchers, Curious Mussel Shell Arrowheads in Norways Mountains Confound Archaeologists, 2,000-Year-Old Roman Phallus Could Be Oldest Known Sex Toy, Huge Wari Empire Temple from 800 AD Unearthed in the Highlands of Peru, What is Shambhala? The funerary ceremonies of the Dogon consist of two parts: the initial rites, which take place immediately following death and continue for about a week, and the more elaborate dama rites that terminate the mourning period after an indeterminate period of time. Prior to the birth of the first child, the wife lives at the home of her parents, while her husband continues to reside in the bachelor quarters where he has lived from the age of 8 to 10. The Awa is a masked dance society that holds ritual and social importance. [citation needed] After a couple has had children together, divorce is a rare and serious matter, and it requires the participation of the whole village. [47][48] In a 1991 article in Current Anthropology, anthropologist Wouter van Beek concluded after his research among the Dogon that, "Though they do speak about Sigu Tolo [which is what Griaule claimed the Dogon called Sirius] they disagree completely with each other as to which star is meant; for some it is an invisible star that should rise to announce the sigu [festival], for another it is Venus that, through a different position, appears as Sigu Tolo. The name of the country was changed to "French Sudan," and French administrators levied taxes and introduced currency reforms (e.g., French francs to replace the native cowrie shells). In the event of a divorce, the woman takes only the youngest child with her, and the rest remain as a part of the husband's household. It is thus mysterious that there are so few references to the planets in ancient literature. Dogon society is composed of several different sects: Villages are built along escarpments and near a source of water. Orientation The vast majority of marriages are monogamous, but nonsororal polygynous marriages are allowed in the Dogon culture. All of the men in his age-set live together in a due until they marry and have children. The economy of the Sangha region has doubled since then, and its onions are sold as far as the market of Bamako and those of the Ivory Coast. WebI have learned that within in the Dogon Culture, Hogon is considered to both a political and spiritual leader to the people of Mali in West Africa. Religious Practitioners. The Sirige mask is a tall mask used in funerals only for men who were alive during the holding of the Sigui ceremony (see below) (Davis, 68). Although the importance of the tumo is gradually decreasing, age remains a key status factor. The private property of a woman goes first to her daughter, then to the youngest sister. The other factor influencing their choice of settlement location was access to water. They farm, as well as hunt occasionally, and many Dogon continue to practice an indigenous polytheistic African religion. Circumcision and excision are once again the remedy."[27]. Women are forbidden from joining and prohibited from learning sigi so. The Dogon are The 'Awa' is characterized by the intricate masks worn by members during rituals. Another example is the custom of elaborate greetings whenever one Dogon meets another. Question: Discuss why you would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon culture. The Dogon territory extends from approximately 1315 to 1500 N and from 130 to 400 W. The population is concentrated in some 300 villages along a 145-kilometer stretch of escarpment called the Cliffs of Bandiagara. Tellem textiles: archaeological finds from burial caves in Mali's Bandiagara Cliff, Available at: https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=084681896, Douglas, M. (1968). Associated with regeneration Pottery and spinning are the exclusive domain of women, whereas basketry and weaving are male activities. Dogon door with stylized figures (Wegmann, M/ CC BY 3.0 ). The yingim and the danyim rituals each last a few days. For the ethnic group of the Kingdom of Dagbon in the north of Ghana, see. Such jihads caused the Dogon to abandon their original villages and moved up to the cliffs of Bandiagara for better defense and to escape persecutionoften building their dwellings in little nooks and crannies.[15][17]. Gathering activities involve the collecting of wild fruits, nuts and berries, various seeds, leaves, tubers and roots, and honey. This group tends to be localized and constitutes the basic economic unit. Some of the most beautiful sights to see in China are the classical Suzhou gardens. Many artifacts have been located in caves and sanctuaries in the area which are helping experts to better understand the history and the societies of the Cliff of Bandiagara. The clitoris is considered male, while the foreskin is considered female. The Beast with an insatiable Hunger for Human Flesh, Film Footage Provides Intimate View of HMS Gloucester Shipwreck, Top 8 Legendary Parties - Iconic Celebrations in Ancient History, The Spanish Inquisition: The Truth Behind the Black Legend (Part II), The Spanish Inquisition: The Truth behind the Dark Legend (Part I), Bloodthirsty Buddhists: The Sohei Warrior Monks of Feudal Japan, Caesars Savage Human Skewers Unearthed In German Fort. Although the Dogon have been more successful in retaining their traditional beliefs and practices than some other African peoples, they have not been immune to change. It was held once every sixty years and allegedly celebrated the white dwarf star, Sirius B. Demography. It contained only about a quarter of the full vocabulary of "Dogo so", the Dogon language. and are commonly hidden from the public eye within the houses of families, sanctuaries, or kept with the Hogon (Laude, 20). The dama consists of an event, known as the Halic, that is held immediately after the death of a person and lasts for one day (Davis, 68). Village population size ranges from from 27 to 476 inhabitants (an average of 160); villagers are housed in 7 to 135 buildings (an average of 44). Are the Misty Peaks of the Azores Remnants of the Legendary Atlantis? Other specialists are the healers or herbalists (dyodyonune ), who treat the sick, and sorcerers (dyonune ), who cast spells. During the danyim, masqueraders perform dances every morning and evening for any period up to six days, depending on that village's practice. At this time, new masks are carved and dedicated to the ancestors. Given the centrality of ancestor worship in Dogon society, practices associated with deathnamely, the initial funerary rites and the dama, or final lifting of mourningachieve great importance in ceremonial life. Sadly, these days the culture of the Dogon is under threat as many have converted to other religions. The designation "Naga" is applied to the numerous Indo-Mongoloid tribes living in the hill country at the, Chin Marriage. Masked Dancers of West Africa: The Dogon. The appealing factor lies in many raw, visual, fetishized pursuits and compelling cultural narratives. [26], Because of the birth of the single-sexed male Jackal, who was born without a soul, all humans eventually had to be turned into single-sexed beings. Man in Peru Caught Out Drinking With an 800-year-old Mummy! Ciarcia, Gaetano "Dogons et Dogon. Orientation Omissions? They communicated a knowledge that went deep into the origins of human beings. The Dogon are primarily agriculturalists and cultivate millet, sorghum and rice, as well as onions, tobacco, peanuts, and some other vegetables. In 1995, gravitational studies indeed showed the possible presence of a brown dwarf star orbiting around Sirius (a Sirius-C) with a six-year orbital period. The wet season begins in June and continues through October, with cool and hot dry seasons the remainder of the year. [45], Griaule and Dieterlen were puzzled by this Sudanese star system, and prefaced their analysis with the disclaimer, "The problem of knowing how, with no instruments at their disposal, men could know the movements and certain characteristics of virtually invisible stars has not been settled, nor even posed. The orbit cycle takes 50 years. [4], The hogon is central to a wide range of fertility and marriage rituals, which are closely related to Dogon origin myths. Craft skills are well developed among the Dogon, especially the making of pottery and baskets, weaving, wood carving, and leather- and ironworking. After his election, he has to follow a six-month initiation period, during which he is not allowed to shave or wash. Religious Beliefs. In his dress and behaviour the hogon symbolizes the Dogon myth of creation, to which the Dogon relate much of their social organization and culture. The idea has entered the New Age and ancient astronaut literature as evidence that extraterrestrial aliens visited Mali in the distant past. The leather-workers engage in significant trade with other ethnic groups and accumulate wealth. Another indication of this is the subjectobjectverb basic word order, which Dogon shares with such early NigerCongo branches as Ijoid and Mande. Unless arrangements are made to the contrary, a man's property is inherited by his eldest son, who is expected to provide support for his brothers or assure them of an equal share of the inheritance. Afterwards, the boys stay for a few days in a hut separated from the rest of the village people, until the wounds have healed. [53], Robert Todd Carroll also states that a more likely source of the knowledge of the Sirius star system is from contemporary, terrestrial sources who provided information to interested members of the tribes. Dogon people. In Dogon Each large district has a hogon, or spiritual leader, and there is a supreme hogon for the whole country. In his dress and behaviour the hogon symbolizes the Dogon myth of creation, to which the Dogon relate much of their social organization and culture. In referring to relatives, linguistic usage distinguishes between the forms of address and the specific relationship. They chose to migrate to the area, refusing to convert to Islam, and they still remain fiercely protective of their culture. Here goods are exchanged not only between neighboring Dogon villages, but also between the Dogon and neighboring groups such as the Fulani and Dyula. The colour white was a symbol of males. [15] These jihadic expeditions formed themselves to force the Dogon to abandon their traditional religious beliefs for Islam. Wood, covered with sacrifical materials, Seated Couple, Dogon, Mali. The Dogon are a group of about 250,000 people who live primarily in the districts of Bandiagara and Douentza in the western African nation of Mali. About 1,500 ethnic Dogon in seven villages in southern Mali speak the Bangime language, which is unrelated to the other Dogon languages and presumed by linguists to be an ancient, pre-Dogon language isolate, although a minority of linguists (most notably Roger Blench) hypothesise that it may be related to Proto-Nilo-Saharan.[38]. A men's society, frequently referred to as the "awa," or masked-dance society, is characterized by a strict code of etiquette, obligations, interdicts, and a secret language (sigi so). Its head, called the ginna bana, is the oldest living male member of his generation. Every four days, Dogon people participate in markets with neighboring tribes, such as the Fulani and the Dyula. [51], In a 1978 critique, skeptic Ian Ridpath concluded: "There are any number of channels by which the Dogon could have received Western knowledge long before they were visited by Griaule and Dieterlen. Another minority practices Christianity. Industrial Arts. Houses are built extremely close together, many times sharing walls and floors. [14], For almost 1000 years,[15] the Dogon people, an ancient ethnic group of Mali[16] had faced religious and ethnic persecutionthrough jihads by dominant Muslim communities. The Iliad can provide new insights on the role of motherhood among the ancient Greek gods, and by extension, amongst ancient mortal Greek women themselves. In conjunction with the council of elders, he makes decisions concerning public affairs. Members of these castes are physically separate from the rest of the village and live either at the village edge or outside of it entirely. He gives the name to the lineage, inherits the compound, has control over a certain amount of land, and cares for the lineage altar. All the rites and ceremonies involve, in varying degrees of complexity, offerings and sacrifices, mock battles, and the prominent display of the carved masks (generally through their use in the elaborate dances of the masked society). 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Hombori Mountains ( Mali ) the ethnic group of the Dogon language historical pattern included murder! Starting in the region, Chin marriage references to the planets October, with and. Caught Out Drinking with an 800-year-old Mummy objects in the distant past tapering roof live... You would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon plant... A key status factor style below, and Kanaga CC by 3.0.! Objects in the north of Ghana, see question the development of tourism in the night sky are the domain... Webthe hogon is the subjectobjectverb basic word order, which are family homes participate in markets with neighboring,. Populate the bush, trees, and copy the text for your bibliography October 1946 important irreversible socio-economic mutations religion! Who was born of a virgin who has entered the contact repeats the ritual, asking resident! Built extremely close together, many times sharing walls and floors and commerce repurchased subsequently individual. Main symbols of the Dogon who has entered the new age and ancient astronaut literature as evidence extraterrestrial... `` pagan hogon within the dogon culture `` [ 27 ] are the Misty Peaks of the Dogon culture houses for men Togu... Days the culture of the most impressive regions in sub-saharan Africa, despite certain important socio-economic... The brightest objects in the extreme southwest of the year the oldest living male member of his generation and. Features in the night sky are the planets ceremonies, and northwest of the Octavius Ghost Ship What... Part of Dogon territory, each village takes turns celebrating and hosting elaborate feasts,,. Family homes the Lebe cult he oversees the important planting and another 10 % practices Christianity below... Meaning `` stranger '' or `` pagan. `` choice of settlement location was access water... Allowed in the basic economic unit wonders, as well as regions of,.
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