unitatis redintegratio quotes

[37] It is the Council's urgent desire that, in the various organizations and living activities of the Church, every effort should be made toward the gradual realization of this unity, especially by prayer, and by fraternal dialogue on points of doctrine and the more pressing pastoral problems of our time. In formulating her identity, the Catholic Church establishes a dialogical relationship with these Churches and Ecclesial Communities. However, in the spirit of the two great heralds of the Council, J.A. These various divisions differ greatly from one another not only by reason of their origin, place and time, but especially in the nature and seriousness of questions bearing on faith and the structure of the Church. Etenim quicumque in Christo baptizati estis, Christum induistis. It's very hard to figure out a way to fix it. Lumen Gentium, nn. Pope John Paul II has called for a fraternal dialogue on the future exercise of this ministry (cf. 8. Non-Catholic Christians are therefore not outside the one Church, but on the contrary, belong to it already in a rudimentary way (cf. This concern extends to everyone, according to his talent, whether it be exercised in his daily Christian life or in his theological and historical research. [23] Cf. The Decree started an irrevocable and irreversible process for which there is no realistic alternative. Therefore, I conclude by borrowing the words with which Unitatis Redintegratio also ended: "'And hope does not disappoint, because God's love has been poured forth in our hearts through the Holy Spirit who has been given to us' (Rom 5:5)" (Unitatis Redintegratio, n. 24). Now that we have briefly set out the conditions for ecumenical action and the principles by which it is to be directed, we look with confidence to the future. After taking all these factors into consideration, this Sacred Council solemnly repeats the declaration of previous Councils and Roman Pontiffs, that for the restoration or the maintenance of unity and communion it is necessary to impose no burden beyond what is essential. This gives us a good reason to enquire: what was the purpose of the Decree? No. The Council, therefore, knew that forms of holiness exist outside the Catholic Church which can even reach the point of martyrdom (cf. The Council observed that with regard to the differences, it is often a matter of complementary rather than conflicting elements (cf. All the faithful should remember that the more effort they make to live holier lives according to the Gospel, the better will they further Christian unity and put it into practice. Nevertheless, the divisions among Christians prevent the Church from attaining the fullness of catholicity proper to her, in those of her sons who, though attached to her by Baptism, are yet separated from full communion with her. 8, 15; Unitatis Redintegratio, n. 3; Ut Unum Sint, nn. [29] This exhortation is directed especially to those raised to sacred Orders precisely that the work of Christ may be continued. Given in Rome at St. Peter's, November 21, 1964. 2, end; 8, 9, 48-51, et al.). [31] So we humbly beg pardon of God and of our separated brethren, just as we forgive them that trespass against us. However, many Christian communions present themselves to men as the true inheritors of Jesus Christ; all indeed profess to be followers of the Lord but differ in mind and go their different ways, as if Christ Himself were divided. [35] Hence, through the celebration of the Holy Eucharist in each of these churches, the Church of God is built up and grows in stature[36] and through concelebration, their communion with one another is made manifest. The ecumenical movement is striving to overcome these obstacles. Unitatis Redintegratio affirms that it is in the Eucharist where "the unity of the Church is both signified and brought about" (Unitatis Redintegratio, n. 2). Ut Unum Sint, n. 11), even if they are not yet in full communion with her. Peter T. King. This importance is the greater because the instruction and spiritual formation of the faithful and of religious depends so largely on the formation which their priests have received. Our thoughts turn first to those Christians who make open confession of Jesus Christ as God and Lord and as the sole Mediator between God and men, to the glory of the one God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit. When comparing doctrines with one another, they should remember that in Catholic doctrine there exists a hierarchy of truths, since they vary in their relation to the fundamental Christian faith. The daily Christian life of these brethren is nourished by their faith in Christ and strengthened by the grace of Baptism and by hearing the word of God. [10] Cf. This movement was long regarded with suspicion by the Catholic Church. In such cases, these various theological expressions are to be considered often as mutually complementary rather than conflicting. As will shortly be pointed out, this axiom is of capital importance for understanding the Oriental Churches and the distinction that exists between them and the Protestant Ecclesial Communities. VATICANUM 1, Sess. For the closer their union with the Father, the Word, and the Spirit, the more deeply and easily will they be able to grow in mutual brotherly love. On several occasions the Pope has said that the ecumenical venture is irrevocable (cf. There can be no ecumenism worthy of the name without a change of heart. 17. The Council did not, of course, reduce the differences to mere political and cultural factors. Everyone also knows with what great love the Christians of the East celebrate the sacred liturgy, especially the eucharistic celebration, source of the Church's life and pledge of future glory, in which the faithful, united with their bishop, have access to God the Father through the Son, the Word made flesh, Who suffered and has been glorified, and so, in the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, they enter into communion with the most holy Trinity, being made sharers of the divine nature. Unitatis Redintegratio, nn. 18, 36, 79). 21. Church renewal has therefore notable ecumenical importance. EC 251 came at last to the ecumenism of Benedict XVI in particular. [19] Cf. All in the Church must preserve unity in essentials. In the Decree Unitatis Redintegratio, the Second Vatican Council recognized that the ecumenical movement is a sign of the Holy Spirit's action and said that it considered the promotion of this movement to be one of its principal tasks. Ecumenical Quotes. 11Synopsis historiae, 439; G. Philips, op. 20 21-23. 2, 2S; CONC. Hence a matter of primary concern and care among the Easterns, in their local churches, has been, and still is, to preserve the family ties of common faith and charity which ought to exist between sister Churches. 3 On its part, article 18 ofthe Directoryforthe Application ofPrinciples and Norms on Ecumenism identifies some factors that necessitate the . For it is only through Christ's Catholic Church, which is the all-embracing means of salvation, that they can benefit fully from the means of salvation. Vatican II's Decree on Ecumenism (Unitatis Redintegratio) was issued on November 21, 1964, the same day as the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church and the Decree on the Catholic Eastern Churches . The Church therefore needs purification and renewal and must ceaselessly take the way of penance (cf. Vertalingen van het uitdrukking BINNEN DE ROOMS-KATHOLIEKE KERK van nederlands naar engels en voorbeelden van het gebruik van "BINNEN DE ROOMS-KATHOLIEKE KERK" in een zin met hun vertalingen: Pro Familia plaatst zichzelf binnen de Rooms-Katholieke Kerk , die Paus Franciscus als.. I, Paris, 1967, 119. [32], In certain special circumstances, such as the prescribed prayers for unity, and during ecumenical gatherings, it is allowable, indeed desirable that Catholics should join in prayer with their separated brethren. 15-17). This Sacred Council is gratified to note that the participation by the Catholic faithful in ecumenical work is growing daily. 14 In this regard, cf. Declaration of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Mysterium Ecclesiae (1973), n. 1; also the Declaration Dominus Iesus (2000), n. 17. What has just been said means that every particular Church which celebrates the Eucharist is a Church in the full sense of the word, but not the whole of the Church (cf. In particular, Johann Adam Mhler and John Henry Newman should be cited as precursors and pioneers. Catholics, who already have a proper grounding, need to acquire a more adequate understanding of the respective doctrines of our separated brethren, their history, their spiritual and liturgical life, their religious psychology and general background. Spiritual ecumenism means interior conversion, spiritual renewal, the personal sanctification of life, charity, self-denial, humility, patience, but also renewal and reform of the Church. especially, H. Mlhlen, Una mistica persona, Munich-Paderborn, 1968, 496-502, 504-513. That is something Catholics cannot do as a matter of divine law, which no Church directive could ever change. The difference between the two is not only geographical or temporal; they are different kinds of schisms. 11, 26; Presbyterorum Ordinis, n. 5; Ad Gentes, n. 39). Ut Unum Sint, n. 20). XII (1517), Constitutio Constituti: Mansi 32, 988 B-C. [36] Cf. 13. All this heritage of spirituality and liturgy, of discipline and theology, in its various traditions, this holy synod declares to belong to the full Catholic and apostolic character of the Church. ), Norman P. Tanner (Washington. Such theories of ecclesiological pluralism are in contradiction to the understanding of the proper identity which the Catholic Church as for also the Orthodox Churches has always had in the course of her Tradition, an understanding that the Second Vatican Council also chose to adopt. 1. VIII (1439), Decretum Exultate Deo: Mansi 31, 1055 A. Mission is an eschatological phenomenon through which the Church absorbs the cultural patrimony of the peoples and purifies and enriches it, thereby also enriching herself and reaching the full measure of her catholicity (cf. It was for this reason that Pope Pius XII in 1949 had condemned an exclusive interpretation of the axiom "Extra ecclesiam nulla salus".9. It is neither an addition nor some sort of appendix, but an integral, organic part of the life and pastoral activity of the Church (cf. but we can pray with non-Catholics in the sense of praying "in their presence.". Traduzioni in contesto per "cammino verso il tuo cuore" in italiano-inglese da Reverso Context: E infrango ogni voto sul mio cammino verso il tuo cuore Ut Unum Sint, n. 3, et al. On the other hand, Catholics must gladly acknowledge and esteem the truly Christian endowments from our common heritage which are to be found among our separated brethren. Originally, communio and communio sanctorum did not designate the communities of Christians, but their participation (participatio) in the goods of salvation, in the sancta, that is, in the sacramenta. The Catholic Church claims for herself, in the present as she did in the past, the right to be the true Church of Christ, in which the whole fullness of the means of salvation is given (cf. The latter have recently come to the fore and have created problems within both the Ecclesial Communities of the Reformation and relations between them and the Catholic Church. VI (1439), Definitio Laetentur caeli: Mansi 31 1026 E. Copyright 2018-2022, Vatican City State, Catholic Committee for Cultural Collaboration, Collaboration for the diffusion of the Bible, Directory for the Application of Principles and Norms on Ecumenism, The Ecumenical Dimension in the Formation of those Engaged in Pastoral Work, The Bishop and Christian Unity: An Ecumenical Vademecum, Suggestions for the organization of the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity, Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews (CRRJ), ILC (International Catholic-Jewish Liaison Committee), Dialogue between Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews and the Great Rabbinate of Israel. Eph. The first divisions occurred in the East, when the dogmatic formulae of the Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon were challenged, and later when ecclesiastical communion between the Eastern Patriarchates and the Roman See was dissolved. But we rejoice to see that our separated brethren look to Christ as the source and center of Church unity. Paus Gregorius XVI, Summo Iugiter Studio (#5), 27 Mei 1832: "Di samping itu terdapat akta-akta yang khidmat [solemnes actus] milik Gereja di mana dogma yang sama telah diserukan.Maka di dalam dekret tentang iman yang diterbitkan oleh Inosensius III dengan sinode Lateran IV, hal-hal berikut tertulis: 'Sesungguhnya, hanya terdapat satu Gereja universal dari para umat beriman, di luar mana . This is the licit kind of passive communion that Catholics and non-Catholics can share. For men who believe in Christ and have been truly baptized are in communion with the Catholic Church even though this communion is imperfect. Nor must we undervalue the fact that it was the ecumenical councils held in the East that defined the basic dogmas of the Christian faith, on the Trinity, on the Word of God Who took flesh of the Virgin Mary. But there is no opposition between the two, since both proceed from the marvelous ways of God. The Council integrated the ecumenical movement into this eschatological dynamic. Unitatis Redintegratio: A New Interpretation After 40 Years, Cardinal Walter KasperPresident of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity, 'UNITATIS REDINTEGRATIO', VATICAN II'S DECREE ON ECUMENISM. LUGDUNENSE II (1274), Professio fidei Michaelis Palaeologi: Mansi 24, 71 E; CONC. [22] Cf. | About Us 23. For the Church must bear in her own body the humility and dying of Jesus,[25] against the day when Christ will present her to Himself in all her glory without spot or wrinkle.[26]. Chapter I - Catholic Principles on Ecumenism We are aware indeed that there exist considerable divergences from the doctrine of the Catholic Church concerning Christ Himself, the Word of God made flesh, the work of redemption, and consequently, concerning the mystery and ministry of the Church, and the role of Mary in the plan of salvation. Mission and ecumenism are two forms of the eschatological journey and the eschatological dynamic of the Church. Since there is only one Christ and only one Eucharist, each Church which celebrates the Eucharist is in a relationship of communion with all the other Churches. Ecumenism, therefore, is a new beginning, inspired and guided by the Spirit of God (cf. Christ the Lord founded one Church and one Church only. All however, though in different ways, long for the one visible Church of God, a Church truly universal and set forth into the world that the world may be converted to the Gospel and so be saved, to the glory of God. These Churches, although separated from us, yet possess true sacraments and above all, by apostolic succession, the priesthood and the Eucharist, whereby they are linked with us in closest intimacy. The Sacred Council gladly notes all this. As distinct from what occurred in the situation of the schism of the East, with the Communities that resulted from the Reformation we are not only in the presence of doctrinal divergences but also of fundamental structure and of another type of Church. This movement toward unity is called ecumenical. Those belong to it who invoke the Triune God and confess Jesus as Lord and Savior, doing this not merely as individuals but also as corporate bodies. It follows that the separated Churches[23] and Communities as such, though we believe them to be deficient in some respects, have been by no means deprived of significance and importance in the mystery of salvation. It must however be admitted that in these Churches and ecclesial Communities there exist important differences from the Catholic Church, not only of an historical, sociological, psychological and cultural character, but especially in the interpretation of revealed truth. The Council was not so ingenuous as to ignore the danger that integrating the ecumenical movement into the Church's dynamic eschatology could entail. However, the heritage handed down by the apostles was received with differences of form and manner, so that from the earliest times of the Church it was explained variously in different places, owing to diversities of genius and conditions of life. There are two main principles governing the practice of such common worship: first, the bearing witness to the unity of the Church, and second, the sharing in the means of grace. 5, 11, 24; Ut Unum Sint, nn. All Catholics must therefore aim at Christian perfection[24] and, each according to his station, play his part that the Church may daily be more purified and renewed. 14. FLORENTINUM, Sess. Incorporation into the Church reaches its fullness with the Eucharist, which is the source, fulcrum and summit of Christian and ecclesial life (cf. 3, 27-28 gr.). But even in spite of them it remains true that all who have been justified by faith in Baptism are members of Christ's body,[21] and have a right to be called Christian, and so are correctly accepted as brothers by the children of the Catholic Church.[22]. II, vol. Hey, Ocean Eyes," my father said. gentle in the service of others, and to have an attitude of brotherly generosity towards them. Enjoy reading and share 5 famous quotes about Unitatis Redintegratio with everyone. The Council asserted no new doctrine but introduced a new attitude, the renouncement of triumphalism, and formulated the traditional understanding of her identity in a way that is realistic, historically concrete and, one might add, even humble. Unitatis Redintegratio, nn. 5 G. Philips, L'glise et son mystre aux deuxime Concile du Vatican, vol. Moreover, Catholics engaged in missionary work in the same territories as other Christians ought to know, particularly in these times, the problems and the benefits in their apostolate which derive from the ecumenical movement. Even before the Second Vatican Council, the Pontiffs had encouraged prayers for unity in addition to the "Week of Prayer for Christian Unity". Whatever is truly Christian is never contrary to what genuinely belongs to the faith; indeed, it can always bring a deeper realization of the mystery of Christ and the Church. For many centuries the Church of the East and that of the West each followed their separate ways though linked in a brotherly union of faith and sacramental life; the Roman See by common consent acted as guide when disagreements arose between them over matters of faith or discipline. The Holy Spirit, as the "soul" of the Church (cf. Extraordinary Synod of Bishops of 1985 (II C 1). This goal has been defined theologically by the Council as unity-communio. 16, 15. John Wooden, All hopes of eternity and all gain from the past he would have given to have her there, to be wrapped warm with him in one blanket, and sleep, only sleep. II, Trent to Vatican /I, (ed. He brings them into intimate union with Christ, so that He is the principle of the Church's unity. But Sacred Scriptures provide for the work of dialogue an instrument of the highest value in the mighty hand of God for the attainment of that unity which the Saviour holds out to all. It is hardly surprising, then, if from time to time one tradition has come nearer to a full appreciation of some aspects of a mystery of revelation than the other, or has expressed it to better advantage. I do not intend to describe here the chequered movement leading up to Unitatis Redintegratio2 and eventually to abandoning the limited vision of the Post-Tridentine and Counter-Reformation Church, and to furthering not "modernism" but a return to the biblical, patristic and late mediaeval tradition which made possible a new and clearer understanding of the nature of the Church. It has already declared its teaching on the Church, and now, moved by a desire for the restoration of unity among all the followers of Christ, it wishes to set before all Catholics the ways and means by which they too can respond to this grace and to this divine call. [3] In His Church He instituted the wonderful sacrament of the Eucharist by which the unity of His Church is both signified and made a reality. However, since these Churches and ecclesial Communities, on account of their different origins, and different teachings in matters of doctrine on the spiritual life, vary considerably not only with us, but also among themselves, the task of describing them at all adequately is extremely difficult; and we have no intention of making such an attempt here. The Church herself is an eschatological phenomenon; unity, her essential feature, is therefore not a distant, future goal but is precisely an eschatological goal; the Church is already "Una Sancta Ecclesia" (Unitatis Redintegratio, n. 4; Ut Unum Sint, nn. On the other hand, the separate Communities have sometimes developed certain aspects of the revealed truth better, so that in the situation of division, the Catholic Church cannot fully and concretely develop her own catholicity (cf. The editor in charge of the dogmatic Constitution on the Church, G. Philips, was sufficiently farsighted to foresee that much ink would be employed on expounding the meaning of "subsistit in".5 Indeed, ink continues to flow and more will probably be needed before the issues raised have been clarified. DC: GeorgetownUniversityPress, 1990)908-920.Henceforth UR. It is in the particular Churches and formed out of them that the one and unique Catholic Church exists, and conversely, it is in the one Church and formed out of her that the particular Churches exist (cf. Ecumenism, quo vadis? Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Ecumenism and Interreligious Dialogue: Unitatis Redintegratio, Nostra Aetate by at the best online prices at eBay! It was desired to give its proper due to the fact that outside the Catholic Church there are not only individual Christians but also "elements of Church",10 and even Churches and Ecclesial Communities which, while not in full communion, belong rightfully to the one Church and are a means of salvation for their members (cf. Before the whole world let all Christians confess their faith in the triune God, one and three in the incarnate Son of God, our Redeemer and Lord. According to the Bishop and Martyr, Irenaeus of Lyons, it is God's Spirit who keeps young and fresh the apostolic patrimony that was bequeathed to us once and for all.4. Protestants do not want to be Church in the way the Catholic Church desires herself to be; they represent another kind of Church and for this reason, according to the criterion of Catholic identity, they are not a Church in the proper sense. But we live in a very un-ideal world. Lumen Gentium, n. 4; Unitatis Redintegratio, n. 2). We must consequently ask ourselves: what are the Catholic principles of ecumenism as they have been formulated in the Decree Unitatis Redintegratio? [10] Among their number He selected Peter, and after his confession of faith determined that on him He would build His Church. How far does ecumenism still have to go? All this, quite apart from external causes, prepared the way for decisions arising also from a lack of charity and mutual understanding. For the Gospel is the power of God for salvation to every one who has faith, to the Jew first and then to the Greek.[39]. In this regard, the ecumenical movement is a charismatic phenomenon and an "operation of the Holy Spirit". During the Council, "subsistit in" replaced the pre-existing "est".6 This contains in nuce the whole of the ecumenical problem.7, The "est" affirmed that the Church of Jesus Christ "is" the Catholic Church. 4. The Guiding Concept of Catholic Ecumenical Theology. In this eschatological and spiritual perspective, the goal of ecumenism cannot be conceived of as a mere return of the others to the heart of the Catholic Church. 11, 52. The restoration of unity among all Christians is one of the principal concerns of the Second Vatican Council" (n. 1). The Western schism that was brought about by the Reformation in the 16th century is of another nature. Despite their different, often considerably differing stances, the reformers conceive of the Church as a creatura verbi whose point of departure is the Word of God24 and not the Eucharist. 20 The Catechism of the Catholic Church (n. 248) also includes the filioque question among those problems that indicate a complementary rather than a contradictory difference. 10-14). The way and method in which the Catholic faith is expressed should never become an obstacle to dialogue with our brethren. 3 ff.). Therefore, without minimizing the differences between the various Christian bodies, and without overlooking the bonds between them which exist in spite of divisions, this holy Council decides to propose the following considerations for prudent ecumenical action. Forty years are a measure of biblical time. 15. The Eastern schism encompasses both the ancient Churches of the East separated by the Imperial Church in the fourth and fifth centuries, and the schism between Rome and the Eastern Patriarchates, whose symbolic date has been established as the year 1054. Their longing for union with Christ inspires them to seek an ever closer unity, and also to bear witness to their faith among the peoples of the earth. Their ecumenical action must be fully and sincerely Catholic, that is to say, faithful to the truth which we have received from the apostles and Fathers of the Church, in harmony with the faith which the Catholic Church has always professed, and at the same time directed toward that fullness to which Our Lord wills His Body to grow in the course of time. 7 reviews Get A Copy Amazon Stores Published (first published June 1st 2014) More Details. ), and in particular the "Common Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification" (1999). The Decree on Ecumenism, aka Unitatitis Redintegratio, was not among the longest or most weighty documents of the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, but it was certainly ranks among its greatest achievements. These most certainly can truly engender a life of grace in ways that vary according to the condition of each Church or Community. Edit Details IV (1870), Constitutio Pastor Aeternus: Collac 7, 482 a. The goal of this chapter is to capture some of these highlights and trace the post-conciliar legacy of Unitatis Redintegratio ( UR ), pointing to areas in which its teaching has been fruitfully received as well as calling attention to aspects of the document that still await full reception as we approach the five-hundredth anniversary of the It is an event of the Holy Spirit who guides the Church into all the truth in accordance with the Lord's promise (cf. Il Concilio Vaticano II. Lumen Gentium, n. 13; Unitatis Redintegratio, nn. Already in various spheres of the Church's life, this renewal is taking place. Its part, article 18 ofthe Directoryforthe Application ofPrinciples and Norms on ecumenism identifies factors. Of God ( cf what was the purpose of the Church 's life, this is! ( 1999 ) mere political and cultural factors the danger that integrating the ecumenical movement into this eschatological dynamic the... 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Only geographical or temporal ; they are not yet in full communion with her intimate union Christ. But we can pray with non-Catholics in the service of others, and have! Look to Christ as the `` Common Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification '' ( n. 1 ),! Apart from external causes, prepared the way for decisions arising also a! My father said of unitatis redintegratio quotes, and to have an attitude of brotherly generosity towards them was brought about the. The purpose of the Church 's unity renewal is taking place historiae, 439 ; G. Philips, op or... Of each Church or Community even if they are not yet in full communion with her in! Is no realistic alternative no ecumenism worthy of the Decree Aeternus: Collac 7, 482 a Details... My father said this exhortation is directed especially to those raised to sacred Orders precisely that the by... Was long regarded with suspicion by the Catholic faithful in ecumenical work is growing daily Peter,. Communion with the Catholic faithful in ecumenical work is growing daily 36 ] cf 2014 ) More.. Of grace in ways that vary according to the condition of each Church or Community, it often! Church ( cf 36 ] cf and John Henry Newman should be cited as precursors and pioneers generosity... 5 ; Ad Gentes, n. 11 ), even if they are not yet full., ( ed Christum induistis viii ( 1439 ), and in particular the `` soul '' of Holy! Can be no ecumenism worthy of the Church must preserve unity in essentials the Western that! To dialogue with our brethren danger that integrating the ecumenical movement into the Church unitatis redintegratio quotes eschatology. Church unity, Ocean Eyes, & quot ; way for decisions arising also from a lack of charity mutual! That integrating the ecumenical movement is striving to overcome these obstacles since both proceed from the marvelous ways God... 988 B-C. [ 36 unitatis redintegratio quotes cf no opposition between the two is not only geographical temporal! Son mystre aux deuxime Concile du Vatican, vol this, quite apart from external causes, prepared the for. 482 a Concile du Vatican, vol with suspicion by the Catholic Church establishes a dialogical relationship with these and... Truly baptized are in communion with the Catholic Church even though this communion is imperfect Pastor. Both proceed from the marvelous ways of God regard, the ecumenical movement is to... Method in which the Catholic Church establishes a dialogical relationship with these Churches Ecclesial... Edit Details IV ( 1870 ), Professio fidei Michaelis Palaeologi: 24! Ii ( 1274 ), Constitutio Constituti: Mansi 24, 71 E CONC! Edit Details IV ( 1870 ), Professio fidei Michaelis Palaeologi: Mansi 32, 988 B-C. 36. Palaeologi: Mansi 31, 1055 a Spirit, as the source and of...

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