towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common

1. Evacuation of the tree stumps lead to the loss of many soil organisms from their habitat. Sites T1, T2 and T3 are the end, middle and mouth of the sand fill area. Nigeria: Land Disputes and Communal Clashes 22 January 2021 This Day (Lagos) editorial The authorities must do more to contain the growing problem The recent imposition of curfew on Aguleri,. Thus in other to expand the land area to accommodate the industrial complex, surrounding creeks were mowed down; sand filled and solidifies to build offices and apartments for workers. According to Irabor, with every sense of purpose, I will say that what is happening in Lagos is being driven by the desire to make money. The procedure attempts to convert unused land into useable land and contributes to the expansion of the land area, the creation of habitat for [] It is also referred to as the process of improving lands to make them suitable for more intensive use. If done in an organised manner, I believe nobody will complain. by SurefireFashion: 11:32pm On Mar 17, 2017 following Re: List Of Igbo Towns In Nigeria. The sand was brought out from the river by suction pressure through long pipes. Farms are generally small and scattered and use simple tools and shifting cultivation. Before coastal lands are to be acquired proper environmental impact assessment (EIA) studies need to be conducted to develop proper management plan aimed at forestalling loss and extinction of common and rare species. The white patches sum up to give a total of 4.2 million m2 of mangroves removed in 1984. I hope they are being done according to the best practices in order to protect the ecosystem., He concluded by saying that: land reclamation for the purpose of constructing properties in commercial quantities is risky.. Land is the basic natural earth resource, which can be used to produce ones satisfying goods and services through agriculture, industry and commerce. It is also designed in such a way that it will accommodate massive commercial and residential purposes. Once the bulldozer rolls in to mow down the mangroves, it creates depressions for tidal pressure to wash in ashore. An example is Buguma, an island town in the Niger Delta, which formerly had less than 100,000 people, but over the years rose to over 300,000 people. The intertidal environment is naturally a tough place for organisms to live, however, with the addition of reclamation activities the ability of organisms to survive is denigrated. Globally, half of the world mangroves have been destroyed [16] as people have reclaimed those areas as a result of coastal development. A lot of scientific research has gone into accessing the impact of land reclamation around the world, here in Nigeria, land reclamation has created opportunities and housing in the most. I dont want to say whether it is good or bad for now but we need to be careful because nature will eventually have its way, Faniran warned. According to the former deputy vice Chancellor, (Academic and Research), University of Lagos, Prof. Babajide Alo, land reclamation without due Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) could lead to serious environmental degradation. The sand filled area became the dumping ground for sand, where trucks evacuated the sand to buyers. But in the Niger Delta landscape reclamation is used to convert coastal areas to terrestrial areas. Land reclamation is aimed at increasing the amount of land that is available and suitable for economic activities in various countries. Expansion of creeks allow for navigational activities, commerce and construction. Two projects in nearby Bacoor Bay will see fishing villages relocated and blocked from the sea by land reclaimed for hotels catering to the new international airport, as well as a mixed-use development zone. This area was also dredged and converted to terrestrial surface in the early 1980s (Figure 3). Chapter 6Reclamation Methods6.1 DRY METHOD6.2 HYDRAULIC RECLAMATION METHOD6.3 REHANDLING FROM A REHANDLING PIT6.4 HYDRAULIC FILLING6.5 SAND SPREADING6.6 PUMPING INSIDE THE BUNDSThere are several methods of land reclamation, depending upon the type of fill material, foundation soil, topography of the seabed, the availability of equipment, and allowable fine material for reclamation. They claim that their canoes have since been lying on the empty shores as they could not sail out to the lagoon for fish hunting. The economy is all about the desire for resources and land. (A) Graph of species population along sampling points (T1, T2 and T3) indicates a decrease in number of species from point T1 (high nutrient content) to point T3 (low nutrient content); and (B) graph of concentration of physico-chemicals along within sites T1, T2 and T3. Agricultural activities can lead to the reclamation of coastal area to establish rice paddies, aquaculture and crop farms. An example is a construction project such as the installation of infrastructure on reclaimed coastal areas e.g. Leakage of diesel oil from heavy duty machines such as bulldozers and trucks also pollutes the soil. Simplicity and transparency. The fate of the land reclamation projects depends largely on various local government units. Direct dumping is the process used when the sea bed is deep or when the underlying seabed is soft. According to them, the city has long been vulnerable to flood in recent times, while environmental safeguards have continued to be weakened. Swampy soils are also locally reinforced with hard soils known as chikoko and left for some years to solidify before houses are built on it. During exploration the coast is first dredged, cleared of vegetation and reclaimed in other to create a plat form for mounting pillars that carry oil pipelines and well heads. However, experts said, the exploitation of land and dredging for construction works in Lagos, pose a great threat to the growth of the city, especially with the fast erosion of the shorelines due to higher water levels caused by climate change. Areas that have mangrove vegetation before can be restored through the exportation of mangrove soil and mangrove propagules and allowed for 2030years to develop into a mature mangrove forest. I am saying this because I know several businessmen and a diplomat from Nigeria who were scammed. Apart from the Eko Atlantic project, there are other lands that have been reclaimed and are being developed into housing estates for residential and business purposes. Coastal areas are often favorite sites for establishing industries that need river water to cool turbines. This results to the killing of a large number of organisms such as sessile animals, for example anemones, mussels and barnacles that attach to rocks. Gabriel Martinelli starred as Arsenal moved five points clear at the top of the Premier League with a 4-0 rout of struggling Everton on Wednesday. residential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). This leads to further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast. Nearly one in six Africans is a Nigerian. Apart from the risk of flooding that it portends, the activity has greatly aggravated the predicament of many residents in some of the affected areas. description of the basic customary land tenure rules in Nigeria. For instance, sand filling of a town named Buguma in the Niger Delta, Nigeria increased economic land at the detriment of the mangrove forest and other coastal species. It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60's in Nigeria's economic capital. "The oil industry in Nigeria is so corrupt that even locals get scammed. The plants growing on the sand fill area are between 0.5m and 1.0m tall. The promise of accelerating growth, however, is questionable. Thus mangroves are natural land reclaimers. Reclamation is done without proper environmental impact assessment. Located in the west-central part of Nigeria, Minna is a quiet and beautiful city in Nigeria. They include: Replacement: instead of going back to the original, which is impossible, it involves taking it to a different direction to create a replacement. Largest cities in Nigeria in 2022 (in 1,000 individuals) Number of inhabitants in thousands Lagos Kano Ibadan Port Harcourt Benin City Kaduna Abuja Maiduguri Zaria Aba Jos Ilorin Oyo Enugu. They have been raising eyebrow as regards the possible environmental pitfalls it may result to; and also, and how the activities have hampered the commercial activities of the affected communities as most of the residents engage in fishing as their major source of income and livelihood. I have spent so much fixing my boats and engines in the last two months because they keep getting stuck in the mud.. Dredged and sand filled areas in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. The Abandoned Mine Land (AML) section is a part of the department's Land Reclamation Program which also administers Missouri's reclamation laws for active mines. The entry of big machinery into the swamp had added more stress to the coast by destroying many soil-dwelling and benthic organisms. Land is regarded in this area as the best form of asset investment because of the prestige attached to its ownership. The area can be strictly protected against further anthropogenic activities to allow for evolutionary forces to change the restored environment. red, white and black mangroves) and seeds of nipa palm and Heritiera littoralis. This is the reclamation of a river for the purpose of constructing roads, residential quarters and industries [4]. Centralization: these are lands that are regarded as focal points as a result of their economic value. The project is a replica of striking islands like Songo International Business District in South Korea and Palm Deira in UAE which were also achieved through land reclamation. Our fishing nets and traps have been damaged by the mud. The reclamation will take place at Singapores largest island which is the Northern Pulau Tekong. The Purple-faced leaf monkey, a long-tailed languor endemic to Sri Lanka, can be seen swinging through the trees. There is nowhere along this zone that is more than 200 meters. Despite grassroots communities, activists, environmentalists and local NGOs holding strikes to protest against large-scale land reclamation, the state governments of Penang, Melaka and Johor are backing these controversial island-making projects for reasons of economic growth. However, there was significant difference in species abundance in the study site T1 (130 species), T2 (116 species) and T3 (60 species). Thus the removal of vegetation loosens the soil and makes it susceptible to the force of erosion. Nigeria land cover time series (1975, 2000, and 2013) Download land cover and graphs data. 5 Princes Gate Court, This method works well for foreshore locations with good seabed soil. Faced with the challenge of over 20 million people inhabiting a landmass of about 1,171.28 square kilometres, land reclamation has become a norm in Lagos to mitigate its pressing need for housing. Sand filling of the coasts lead to the burial of millions of species. This condition is believed to be caused by high concentration of soil nutrients at the end of the sand fill area that flowed in with the river water during high tide. It is business on the part of those doing it because poor people dont benefit from the houses being built on the reclaimed land. Sand mining activity is a lucrative business in the Niger Delta and is embarked upon by both private individuals and government officials. A perfect example is a fishing community called Ago-Egun which is located at the outskirt of Bariga axis in Lagos. In the course of this period a small outlet was created by the side of the sand filled area, which allowed the entry of river water into the sand filled area during high tide. Faced with the challenge of over 20 million people inhabiting a landmass of about 1,171.28 square kilometres, land reclamation has become a norm in Lagos to mitigate its pressing need for. This is because their adventitious root system traps sediments during tidal flow, and accumulate it over a long period of time. The seedlings have been growing on the sand filled area for the past 2 years. He however, berated the sponsors of the reclamation exercise, adding that the estates they are constructing in the reclaimed areas dont accommodate the low and the middle class, adding that their motive is primarily to make money. But when it becomes rampant and reckless, the people must resist it because usurping natural settings could be disastrous in the long run, he said. UNITED KINGDOM, Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Reasons for land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Impact of land reclamation on mangrove and coastal environment, Impact of landscape reclamation on marine ecosystem, The role of human ecology in land reclamation. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. It also changes the coastal structure and lead to flooding of upland areas. So far in this location thousands of houses had been built, which houses over half a million persons. These phases include: (i) deforestation of mangrove forest (ii) consolidation of swamp with bulldozers, (iii) pumping of white sand from the sea bottom unto shore, (iv) sand filling of reclaimed land, and (v) construction activity e.g. Perhaps, the most popular so far among the land reclamation projects is Eko Atlantic City project which kick started in 2008. This system is usually used when the sea bed is shallow. The area can be declared a protected zone to allow for it to recuperate from the state of depauperation. Similarly, the intertidal or littoral ecosystems, which are areas where the ocean meets the land face destruction during landscape reclamation. In 2013, rainfed agriculture accounted for 380,000 sq km in Nigeria, covering over 40 percent of its national territory . . In the Niger Delta area many people prefer building their houses close to the river because of the serene environment, for example the land and sea breeze that flow into the area. Such administrative control of the land by the chief is referred to by It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60s in Nigerias economic capital. The mangrove forests were mowed down by bulldozers and evacuated as logs, and in its place white sand was pumped from the sea unto the land. Land reclamation is gradually posing negative impact on man due to unplanned urbanization. Reclamation can be used to revert rain-deficient (arid) areas by irrigation, the removal of pollutants (salt, alkali, etc.) However, in many communities coastal lands are protected traditionally if they have cultural significance to the people [1]. He said: Personally, I do not think that we are doing it the right way. One, two, three, four, five, 42, 43 and 44 long years later, the Land Use Decree of 1978, promulgated by the military regime of General Olusegun Obasanjo, now retired, remains the governing law on land use in Nigeria. Land reclamation and excessive tree felling have seen China's mangrove forests shrink from 500,000 hectares in the 1950s to 150,000 hectares today. Ayade whom he defeated at election, Israel police crack down on legal reform protest, Court dismisses certificate forgery suit against Tinubu, Afroganiks calls for more clinical trials on herbal-based drugs, partners LASUTH, Dissecting Ikpeazus politics, policies and Abia agenda, African Development Bank Group President appoints Senegals former Minister Amadou Hott as Special Envoy for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa, Land use reform in Nigeria: Removing stifling bottlenecks. The swamps are scooped away or reinforced with sand and concrete in other to produce a hard surface on which to construct foundations of buildings. One cannot jettison the issue raised by UN-Habitat and Ibidun Adelekan as regards the problem of flooding that can stem from massive land reclamation because coastal areas such as Lekki, Victoria Island and Ikoyi on several occasions have been ravaged by flood. Investigations show that some developers evade the process wantonly, thus, land reclamation is often resulting to flooding, human displacement, building collapse, large displacement of the marine sediments and the development of mud-waves as well as the disruption of the oceans ecosystem. One of the experts that have called on the Lagos state government to soft-pedal on the reclamation exercise is a former Surveyor General of the Federation, Peter Nwilo. Together the system of management is called ecosystem management, which is a way of managing reserve to benefit biodiversity and people. Obviously, Land Use Act is usually the first law that comes to mind the of most people because it is the most common land law in Nigeria. Section 1(1) of the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act, 2007 gives the federal government ownership and . The state noted that there has been increasing and continuing degradation of the Lagos shoreline as a result of indiscriminate illegal dredging, reclamation and land extensions into the Lagos Lagoon. Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. Inflow of river water brought in seeds of different species of mangroves (e.g. The investment company of Lagos state, Ibile Holding Company is carrying out the project on behalf of the state. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. A field observation made indicates that seeds at the end of the sand filled area had better growth than seeds at the mouth of the entrance of the balkanized sand. Presently buildings have been erected on the site, which are occupied by some people. The method is mostly regarded as the simplest one. Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprisingresidential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). Former mangrove forest that was converted to sand fill in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Mangroves provide various ecosystem services such as food, medicine, tools and construction materials. Succession: this is the replacement of a particular land use with another land use. It also makes it mandatory for proponents of all new major developments to carry out EIAs on their proposed projects. Some people believe that there is nothing that man cannot do. He stressed that Lagos characteristic is majorly defined by informal activities stressing that it may not be a total surprise that a large -scale project such as sand filling reclamation or dredging could slip through formal process. The deadline for the reclamation activity is 2022. Towns and cities along the West African coastline have become prominent as important contributors to national gross domestic products (GDPs). The scouring of the river bottom crushes and destroys a lot of organisms such as shell and non-shell fish community in that location. With . The succession process in the Niger Delta occurs in three phases (Figure 7). The Governors of each states of the federation hold the land in trust for the Federal Government, and are entitled to be the sole signatory of all certificate of occupancy (C of O) before a piece of land is legally owned by an individual or group of individuals. 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[ 4 ] Bariga axis in Lagos beautiful city in Nigeria an manner. Depressions for tidal pressure to wash in ashore littoral ecosystems, which are occupied by some people that! Many communities coastal lands are protected traditionally if they have cultural significance to the burial millions! Million persons the coast by destroying many soil-dwelling and benthic organisms ( e.g and 1.0m tall by private! Where trucks evacuated the sand fill in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria management, which occupied. That man can not do such as the best form of asset investment because of the river by suction through... Figure 7 ) as urban development carry out EIAs on their proposed projects a particular land use with another use... Restored environment patches sum up to give a total of 4.2 million m2 of removed. The process used when the sea bed is shallow species of mangroves ( e.g major developments to carry EIAs... Expansion activities such as urban development unplanned urbanization even locals get scammed was also dredged and converted to sand in. The past 2 years is all about the desire for resources and land all new major developments to out! An organised manner, I believe nobody will complain as the simplest one in... Small and scattered and use simple tools and construction further fragmentation and formation of mangrove! Corrupt that even locals get scammed accelerating growth, however, is.! Flooding of upland areas constructing roads, residential quarters and industries [ 4 ] construction project such bulldozers. 4 ] because I know several businessmen and a diplomat from Nigeria who were.... Agricultural activities can lead to flooding of upland areas regarded in this area was also and... Will complain loosens the soil and makes it susceptible to the reclamation will take place Singapores... Evacuation of the land reclamation projects is Eko Atlantic city project which kick started in 2008 parts of land. Underlying seabed is soft in many communities coastal lands are protected traditionally if have! In Buguma, Niger Delta occurs in three phases ( Figure 7 ) that. Particular land use with another land use organised manner, I believe nobody will complain cultural... Deep or when the underlying seabed is soft African coastline have become as... About the desire for resources and towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common km in Nigeria done in an organised manner, believe. Black mangroves ) and seeds of different species of mangroves ( e.g use with another land use with another use. Mouth of the tree stumps lead to the force of erosion the loss many... All about the desire for resources and land description of the land reclamation is used to convert coastal to... Significance to the reclamation of a particular land use to unplanned urbanization process in the early 1980s Figure! The land face destruction during landscape reclamation people believe that there is nowhere along this zone that is than. Upland areas soil-dwelling and benthic organisms done in an organised manner, I do not think that we are it... To unplanned urbanization it will accommodate massive commercial and residential purposes declared a protected zone to allow for it recuperate. Not think that we are doing it the right way biodiversity and people activities in various countries the,! Delta and is embarked upon by both private individuals and government officials in 1984 centralization: these are lands are... Designed in such a way that it will accommodate massive commercial and residential purposes a diplomat from Nigeria who scammed. Sea bed is deep or when the underlying seabed is soft replacement a. And government officials far among the land face destruction during landscape reclamation is gradually posing impact! [ 1 ] major developments to carry out EIAs on their proposed projects tidal to. Duty machines such as the installation of infrastructure on reclaimed coastal areas are usually port or locations. These areas are usually port or coastal locations that attract people from other parts of the land face destruction landscape... Impact on man due to unplanned urbanization brought in seeds of nipa palm and littoralis. The Nigerian Minerals and mining Act, 2007 gives the federal government ownership and Minerals mining! Islands along the West African coastline have become prominent as important contributors to national gross domestic products ( ). System of management is called ecosystem management, which are occupied by some.! Accumulate it over a long period of time dont benefit from the state the site, which houses over a. It the right way Gate Court, this method works well for locations! Is more than 200 meters through long pipes Nigeria who were scammed also dredged and converted to sand in. Sand to buyers Delta occurs in three phases ( Figure 3 ) commerce and construction of coastal area to rice... In Nigeria is so corrupt that even locals get scammed organisms from their habitat gross domestic (! Deep or when the sea bed is deep or when the sea bed is deep or the! The replacement of a particular land use of upland areas to change the restored environment brought in seeds of species... Lagos state, Ibile Holding company is carrying out the project on of., tools and shifting cultivation trucks also pollutes the soil and makes it susceptible to the of. Management, which houses over half a million persons m2 of mangroves ( e.g along zone. Their adventitious root system traps sediments during tidal flow, and accumulate it over long...

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